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第一篇:孔庙导游词
女士们、先生们,大家好!欢迎来到孔庙,很荣幸和大家在这里相逢。我是你们的导演,我姓吴,口天吴,大家可以叫我小吴或吴导。接下来的美好时光就由我和你们一起度过。
众所周知,孔子是儒家学说的创始人,在他死后的第二年,住宅被改成孔庙。孔府是孔子嫡长孙世袭的府邸。孔庙是孔子和他的后代子孙的家族墓地。孔庙、孔府和孔林,是中国唯一规模最大的集祭祀和墓地于一起的建筑群,于1994年12月被列入世界文化遗产。汉代以后历代皇帝都提倡尊孔读经,孔庙的规模也越修越大。现存孔庙占地327.5亩,建筑物466间,前后有九进院落,纵向轴线贯穿整座建筑,左右对称,布局严谨,气势宏伟。
孔府位于孔庙的东侧。始建于宋代,官衙和住宅建在一起,是一座典型的封建贵族庄园,衙署大堂用于接受皇帝颁发的圣旨,或处理家族内部事务。它布局匠心,是园林结合的范例。下面我们要去参观孔林了,孔林在曲阜城北门外,到那儿要坐20分钟左右的车,大家趁此机会好好休息一会儿吧。
孔林到了。孔林又称至圣林,占地3000亩,周围砖砌林墙长达14里。进入孔林要经过1200米的墓道,然后穿过石牌坊、石桥、甬道、到达孔子墓前。它是我国规模最大、持续年代最长、保存最完整的一处氏族墓葬群和人工园林。孔林中的墓碑,除了一批著名的汉代石碑被移入孔庙外,尚存有李东阳、严嵩、康有为等历代大书法家的亲笔题碑,故而,孔林又有碑林的美名,堪称书法艺术的宝库。
今天的游览就要结束了,希望在孔庙、孔府和孔林的这段时光,能成为我们生活中的美好记忆。
第二篇:孔庙导游词
这一年我依旧看到她华丽的在枝头绽放,人们说她宛如一抹天上降落人间的圣火,在繁茂的花枝上纵情燃烧。从她扎根于这片南国大地至今已有千年,她与这座她生活的城市一起经历了风风雨雨,从繁盛到衰落,从战乱到和平,从衰败到复兴。这里的人们叫她“刺桐花”,把她看作热情与吉祥的象征,人间幸福美好的代表。“闽海云霞绕刺桐,往年城郭为谁封”,有人说盛放枝头的她开在春天,生如夏花,亲近阳光,树姿优美。这座她生长了千年美丽古老的城池,当春风吹拂大地,百花怒放时,我知道,她只希望用她的娇艳花姿点缀她最深爱的土地,用如火的热情去点缀这座城市,点燃这座城市的激情。
泉州,这片刺桐花扎根了千年的土地,时光流逝、生命轮回,正因这片土地一直给予她母亲般的温暖,让她对这座城市的爱,早深植于她的骨髓。泉州经历了千年的风雨,有过繁华,有过萧条,犹如广袤的平原上那株随风飘零的蒲公英,摇摆不定;又似波涛汹涌的大海中的一叶扁舟,起起伏伏。那些过去与现在的记忆,在年迈的老者脑海里渐渐模糊,在尘封的档案里也仅仅是一堆冰冷的文字,但我知道,那些记忆之于刺桐,却是生命力流动的血液,跳动的脉搏,是铭刻在她年轮里永恒的烙印。无论花开花谢,刺桐只求时刻注视这座她深爱的城市,在她的年轮里记录下这座城市一点点的变化,见证她一步步的复兴!
过去的泉州只有斑驳陆离的街道,摇摇欲坠的危楼旧屋……还有一条穿行城内,垃圾肆虐,臭气熏天的内沟河。在我的记忆里,最难忘却的就是那条曲折蜿蜒地穿行的内沟河,那是泉州城的防洪排涝系统,但从它建成至今就因水道狭窄,年久失修,淤泥堆积,每逢台风暴雨,山洪暴发,加上海潮顶托,就会形成内涝。那些沉积在沟底的污泥就会随水流蔓延到岸边,如果不小心沾到污水,不及时清洗将会引发皮肤过敏。在这时,生活在周边的居民出入都要“惊险万分”的在砖头临时搭起的“独木桥”上摇晃一番。尤其是在酷暑时节,那小小的水沟中飘着大片各式各样的生活垃圾,散发出阵阵刺鼻的恶臭,还会“招揽”成群的苍蝇、蚊子。这样的环境对于那些住在水沟周边的人们来说宛如地狱,令他们苦不堪言!我也曾自那条内沟河边走过,那种刺鼻的臭气,甚至让她感到头晕目眩!而这些对于生在河边的刺桐而言,犹如生在地狱!她是一棵树,她需要充足的水源,当别的花草树木在优美的环境中恣意繁衍时,她却只能在恶臭的水沟边残喘。
每当夏日来临,这里的蚊虫就日益增多,它们在水中繁衍下一代,成千上万的蛆在水中蠕动,那些被丢弃到水里和岸边的垃圾在高温之下腐烂,发臭,引来许多苍蝇蚊虫,而这里也成为它们“生育”下一代天然“产房”。每遇炎热的天气,内沟河水量少,沟底的垃圾混合着淤泥直接暴晒在太阳下,内沟河都会臭上一阵。当成千上万的蛆在水中蠕动,当刺鼻的臭气随着微风扑面而来时,每个途经此地的人都会掩鼻叹息,匆匆而过。曾经有几名厦门来的游客想要参观泉州的木偶艺术博物馆,但却被流经该街的内沟河的恶臭味逼得不愿再前行一步。这是多么讽刺的事实啊!一条臭水沟竟让那些古老的历史文化难以光芒四射,竟让那些追寻历史文明的脚步不敢前进!纵使刺桐花开得再娇艳,比起那些弥漫空中的臭气,也形同虚设,在这样的沟边生长,她那“华丽的舞台”也不可避免的被“灰暗的布幕”所遮挡。
为了彻底解决市区内涝,还市民一个良好的人居环境,历届市委、市政府在整治市区内沟河的工作上都下了大工夫。十年前市政府决定整治多条沟渠,这之中也包括这条“一夫当关,万夫莫开”内沟河。在那段时期,干部群众齐心同力,即使是在烈日当头,臭气冲天,他们也没有任何怨言,所有人都一心一意为改变内沟河的面貌,改善生活环境而努力。在那一百天的艰苦“战斗”中,堆积已久的垃圾被“驱逐出境”,成千上万的蚊虫被杀虫剂和消毒水“绞杀”,沉积多年的污泥被卡车“送走”。人们开始重筑沟壁,修葺栏杆,种植花草树木,一扫内沟河多年不变的肮脏景象,还它一个整洁干净的新面貌。内沟河自从上世纪90年代进行整治以后,就成为市区的一个重要景观。整治后的内沟河一改旧容换新颜,古城内外,长渠如练碧波荡漾,绿树繁花掩映两侧楼宇,经过疏浚的清新河道、水系展现在市民面前,再现了泉州市区“清泉随地涌、处处有花蹊”的历史风貌,大大提高了城市的生态环境质量,明显地改善了市民的居住、生活环境。现在刺桐花也不用在臭气污水中艰难度日,清清的水流自她身边流过,蝴蝶、鸟儿在刺桐树上栖息休憩,人们在她的繁枝茂叶下乘凉聊天,杨柳同她一起随风摇曳……一条小小的沟渠代表了泉州人生活环境六十年来的巨变,曾经的断壁残垣被高楼大厦取代,今天的泉州人在优美的环境中悠然自在的享受生活乐趣,品味人生真谛……
六十个春秋流逝,这片南国沃土的变化不仅仅在此……
这是一条长达2500米的街道,商店林立,各类商品令人眼花缭乱,商业气息与文化氛围奇妙地交织在一起。“南国多雨天,骑楼可避风”,中山路浓缩南国建筑风格,是中国仅有的保存最完整的连排式骑楼建筑商业街。它那骑楼式建筑是闽南文化和东南亚文化相结合的产物,体现着泉州侨乡人民和海外侨胞共同珍视的历史价值和情感色彩。中山路的历史可以追溯到盛唐时期,那时泉州成为武荣州的州治,并建设了州治的府衙、六曹都堂暑和参军厅等行政建筑。府衙前的南大街,就是现中山路的一部分,被设为市,并严格管理。随着宋、元时期泉州社会、经济的繁荣发展,泉州成为东西方贸易的主要中心之一,被马可波罗称为“东方第一大港”,那时的中山路“可容十四匹马齐驱”。但是在历史终归是历史,繁盛的街市也会有萧条败落。到了明、清,朝廷闭关自守,海外贸易萎缩,泉州渐渐失去其“东方第一大港”的地位,中山路逐渐退化,到清末时,街道宽度被减小到一丈多宽,不免有几分惋惜。
也许,就像历史的轮回那样,清政府在衰退后被推翻,新的革命力量的诞生,给中山路注入了新的生命力。民国初年,泉州中山路由南洋华侨投资改造成为骑楼街道,建筑形式明显受到南洋的影响。这种骑楼建筑是别具一格的,风雨天挡风避雨,炎夏酷暑遮阳纳凉,骑楼下的顾客们这家进、那家出,有如闲庭信步,十分方便自在。在经历了战争和文革的洗礼之后,中山路得以保存了下来,住在这里的老泉州人,把被战争破坏的房子或渐渐老去的房子,进行翻新,虽然加入不少现代味,但还是保留了骑楼式的味道。早时的临街店铺,门面是一块一块的木板,显得古朴简陋;后来变成了玻璃门,廊柱也涂红漆绿;再后来又变成了金属门窗、柜台,一到晚间霓红灯闪闪烁烁异彩纷呈,恍若性感歌星的媚眼吸引过往的顾客与行人……
在我幼小记忆里的那条狭窄、颓败的中山路早已消失了。“传统并时尚着”用这个词来形容现在的中山路所展现出来的风土人情和文化传统,实在是再贴切不过了。在这条街上,你可以遇见各个历史阶段的东西,比如穿木屐的老人,手工食品商店,南洋风格的建筑,百货商店……放眼那些铺子,华丽的装潢和那耀眼的射灯,总在第一时间抢夺了你的眼球,再扬起那动感十足的音乐,踩踏着节拍,让人有着一股想要进门逛逛的冲动。不过在这一片时尚华丽中,总有些一颇为个性的小店,你能淘到泊来的外国货,或者民族风情十足的小装饰品。最重要的是在中山路上能边走边逛边吃,走在这独一无二的排式骑楼,品尝着各种奇奇怪怪的小吃挺多的,以前没几间,后来越来越多了,走累了,就找间小店进去歇一歇脚,喝点饮料,吃点东西,怎不是一种乐趣呢?春夏交替的时候,有淹渍的酸桃,秋风吹起,便有担担子的板栗子。美丽的刺桐就在这样繁华的街市盛放,低垂的枝头挂满了火红的花朵,静静的看着人群从树下经过,用她繁茂的枝叶为来往的人们遮阴挡阳。这一切是同刚解放时的泉州有着天壤之别的,那些颓败萧瑟不再,有的是霓虹闪烁,异彩纷呈,置身其中,这能仿佛让我看见了千年以前“东方第一大港”的蓬勃活力…
这个享有“海滨邹鲁”之誉的美丽城市经历了千年的风雨,走过了多少泥泞,穿越多少荆棘,才拥有今天富强繁盛的景象,勤劳的泉州人用他们的双手创造出一个与曾经的“东方第一大港”相比,“青出于蓝,而胜于蓝”的魅力泉州!今天,坚强的泉州人把刺桐花奉为他们的城市市花,而刺桐也将永远的守护这个古老美丽的海滨城市,用她的如火娇艳去点缀这个正在腾飞的城市,让泉州更加灿烂辉煌……
第三篇:孔庙导游词
敬的各位来宾:
你们好!我受旅游、接待部门的委托,对光临名城曲阜参观游览的各位佳宾表示热烈地欢迎。我有幸为大家导游陪同参观,非常高兴,这是咱们共同颀赏学习的好机会。看后请留下宝贵意见。
孔庙,又称至圣庙,是祭祀孔子及其夫人亓官氏和七十二贤人的地方。孔庙同北京的故宫、河北承德市避暑山庄并称中国的三大古建筑群。专家对孔庙讲了四名话:建筑时间最久远、最宏大、保存最完整、东方建筑特色最突出。从孔庙可看出两个问题:一是孔子对中国乃至东方文化的巨大贡献;二是中国在历史上就有能工巧匠。
孔庙由这里起分为三路布局,这一道五门,中为“大成门”,左边是“金声门”,右边是“玉振门”,再往西为“启圣门”,再往东为“承圣门”。大成门的建筑结构是“犬牙交错,勾心斗角”。中间插进为“勾心”,左右四角尖端相顶为“斗角”。大成门三字系雍正皇帝的御笔。赞孔子是集先圣先贤之大成,达到了至高无上的境界。
孔庙西路是祭礼孔子父母的地方。其父叔梁纥,母颜征在,皇帝封为启圣王和启圣王夫人,建有启圣王殿、寝殿、金丝堂等建筑。
孔庙的东路,前后两部分,前院是孔子故宅,有“孔宅故井”,孔子九代孙孔鲋藏书的地方名“鲁壁”,现在看到的经书,立头功的应为“鲁壁”。为纪念孔子教育其子读书建了“诗礼堂”,孔子说“不学诗无以言,不字礼无以立”,意为不学诗不会讲话,不学礼不懂得如何立身事。诗礼堂内有著名雕刻家石可先生刻制的仿汉画石刻“圣迹图”。后院是崇圣祠、五代祠,祭祀孔子上五代祖先的祠堂。
各位先生,孔庙似历史的、知识的学堂,因时间有限,咱们只看了主要的,我是厄要介绍的。孔子是圣人,也是伟大的旅游家,周游列国20xx年,宣传他修身、齐家、治国平天下的学问,收集了宝贵的资料。有关圣人的遗迹很多,很值得一看。我们相处时间虽短,可友谊长存,盼望各位有机会再来曲阜观光,我们一定很好地服务。
孔庙就看到这里,谢谢大家的合作,欢迎您再来。
第四篇:北京孔庙导游词
Beijing AnDingMen article in guozijian street, also known as cheng Yin street. The street is a total of four original're building a type of coloured drawing or pattern, in the qing dynasty is the arched most preserved street in Beijing. Locust trees on both side of the street, blotting out the sun shade, sophora japonica fragrance. Beijing Confucian temple is situated at the eastern end of the street.
Confucius temple is sacrifice famous thinker, educator, Confucius temple world culture celebrities, has a long history.
Beijing Confucian temple was built in the yuan, a teacher for six years (1302 AD), yuan, a teacher for ten years (1306 AD) built, begun to take shape. Ming jiajing nine years (1530 AD) built the footprints temple, dedicated to Confucius five generations of ancestors. Qing guangxu thirty-two years (1906 AD) the expansion of the dacheng hall, Confucius into today's scale. The entire Confucius temple watching operas.it comprises three courtyards, covers an area of about 220xx square meters, the main body construction along the central axis, bilateral symmetry of the traditional Chinese architectural layout. In the long history of more than 700 years, it became a yuan, Ming and qing three generations of rulers Kong Chongru, promoting education, the main context of the holy land, has become many aim at of intellectuals worship hall of fame. This group is old than the imperial palace imperial buildings concentrated the essence of Confucian culture in one thousand, frozen for a period of hundreds of years of imperial examination. In a hall with high ceiling of the chung chi towering cooper, stone forest, Confucius temple, from the noise of the city, touch the pulse of the history, culture, with quiet indifferent heart to feel an extensive and profound Chinese traditional culture, it is a activity.
Main building of Beijing temple of Confucius is covered with yellow glazed tiles, is the highest building in the feudal society regulation. The Confucius temple building scientific layout, scale, highlights the royal style.
Past the door (also called lingxingmeng door) is the Confucius temple gate, width between three and seven deep purlin, single eaves jehiel the top of the hill, basically retained the architectural style of yuan dynasty, past the door on both sides of the connection in the outer wall of the temple, is a city gate. Enter the past the door, right against the face is dacheng door.
Dacheng door was established in the yuan dynasty, rebuilt in the qing dynasty, the width between five and nine purlin, deep single eaves jehiel the top of the mountain. The entire building is located on the tall brick stylobate, embossed on the royal standing in the way of high sea dragon pattern, wulong play bead, lifelike. Dacheng in front of the corridor on both sides by 10 shek kwu, each raised from stone carving a poem in ancient safari. This is when the qing qianlong imitation of the 8th century BC Zhou Xuan Georgian stone relics of print, resembles that of words and profound poetic only knowledgeable Confucius was able to fully understand. First into the courtyard of the former arranges various matters, that is the emperor, the east of the slaughter pavilion, well pavilions, kitchen god, the dishes that look, that is used to slaughter, cleaning and cooking. On both sides of the library, lent by god for offering Kong Liqi store and prepare offerings.
The second into the courtyard is the center of the Confucius temple courtyard, every time, for the Confucius memorial ceremony here then bell and drum everywhere, deriving euphoria, ceremonial majesty. Dacheng hall is the second into the main architecture of the courtyard, has also been the center of the whole Confucian temple architecture, is the most sacred temple in the Confucius temple. Dacheng hall built Yu Dade six years (AD 1302), was destroyed by fire, after the Ming yongle nine years (AD 1411) reconstruction, the qing guangxu thirty-two years (1906 AD) to the temple from 7 to 9. Inside the brics floor, inside the top group longjing mouth smallpox, their level of regulation is the tallest building in feudalism society of China, comparable to the palace hall of supreme harmony. "Dacheng temple consecrate Confucius holy king wen xuan" who're, as both sides have obtain "four with twelve zhe" memorial tablet. A god lead the case on set, respect, jue, You, Bian, beans and other phenomena are qing qianlong drive makes the real thing. Inside and outside the hall hangs 9 to xuantong emperor of the qing emperor kangxi imperial tablets, all is the emperor of the book probes into four words of Confucius, is precious cultural relics.
The third into the yard's most distinctive, Confucius temple is composed of the footprints door, temple worship and things peidian peidian independent complete compound, and the former binary compound segmentation significantly and natural transition, reflects the ancients, the clever conception on the ministry of construction bureau. This group of buildings called the footprints temple, is the home of the five generations of ancestors worship Confucius temple. Building the Ming jiajing nine years (AD 1530), the qing qianlong emperor two years (AD 1737) rebuilt, green glazed tile roof instead of the gray tiles and roof. Chung temple, also known as the five dynasties shrine, width between five and seven deep purlin, before the house has a wide platform, the platform built on three sides with step every tenth level. Temple consecrate Confucius memorial tablet of five generations of ancestors and obtain YanHui, hole Ji, who, mencius memorial tablet of the father of the four ancient Chinese philosophers. Things peidian peidian, located in masonry stylobate, width between three and five deep purlin, single eaves the hanging, in cheng, cheng hao finds brother, zhang zai, Cai Shen, zhou dunyi, zhu six Confucianism, the father of the first.
Watching operas.it comprises three courtyards and buildings with clear level difference and function division, harmony to form a whole set of royal sacrificial architecture community, is a prominent representative of Chinese ancient architecture.
Confucius temple after 700 years of history culture, precious cultural relics of a legacy, become a important historical research of ancient Chinese imperial examinations and Confucius Confucianism and in-kind.
In Confucius temple first into the yard on both sides of the imperial way is divided into four parts with 198 tall title jinshi stone, three of the yuan dynasty, the Ming dynasty, 77, 118 in the qing dynasty. The title jinshi stone engraved on the yuan, Ming and qing three generations of names, native places, imperial jinshi in all the subjects, a total of 51624 people. In numerous jinshi we know celebrities such as Ming dynasty etiquette of zhang juzheng, patriotic star Yu Qian, Yuan Chonghuan, scientists present YanSong rape, to learn in the qing dynasty outstanding yu ji xiaolan, liu2 yong and modern celebrity Liu Chunlin, shen junru and so on. Shuttle in the time span for hundreds of years in the forest of steles, stroke want mottled itself, look up at BeiMian has been vague on the handwriting, not let a person a "jiangshan generation have fell out, all the excellences for hundreds of years".
Between the Confucian temple and guozijian ancient royal (university) in the way, there is a made up of 189 large stone forest of steles. Stone carving with Confucian classics: zhouyi, "history", the "book of songs", "rites" and "yili", "rites", "spring and autumn zuo zhuan, the biography of the spring and autumn period and the ram," the spring and autumn GuLiang biography ", the analects of Confucius, "xiao", "mencius", "er ya". This writing is the blueprint of yongzheng years jiangsu jintan gongsheng Jiang Heng lasted 12 years and calligraphy. Fifty-six years of qianlong (1791 AD) burring on the monkey made a. All writing a total of more than 630000 words, large scale, our method is good, the accuracy of the content and the seal of fine degrees are better than that of xi 'an "writing", and in terms of scale is the second largest after xi 'an forest of steles forest of steles. Ho-shen, wangjie legend emperor qianlong emperor nominees for President, Peng Yuanrui, liu2 yong as vice-president to textual research. Peng Yuanrui rare books in the song thirteen classics HeDing Jiang Heng calligraphy by the draft, and the popular form of characters to the old style, make the text more complete specification, ancient meaning, highly praised by emperor qian long, were given taizi Pacific title. This makes ho-shen envy is special, of rights in one's hand he ordered overnight to stone tablets to mend all the old style. Until after the collapse of the declaration and archaic handwriting to repair again, there are pieces of dig on BeiMian traces.
On the west side of central courtyard okimichi have seen through. Composed of green petals Wells, stone well. Because is located on the waterline okm, stable door area, the well water often overflow to the mouth of the well, water quality pure palate, legend has it the highest for people after greeting Confucius after all want to drink the water in the well, it is said that after drinking can be inspired, flair, write a good article. With well water ink, 4 excessive, write the word mo xiang pen smoothly. So the qianlong emperor "name inkstone lake. Although now borehole water level is low, there is no one to drink, but the name of the well refined atmosphere and moving legends, added a bit of Confucius literary grace.
第五篇:孔庙导游词
尊敬的各位来宾:
你们好!我受旅游、接待部门的委托,对光临名城曲阜参观游览的各位佳宾表示热烈地欢迎。我有幸为大家导游陪同参观,非常高兴,这是咱们共同颀赏学习的好机会。看后请留下宝贵意见。
首先,向大家简要介绍一下曲阜的历史、文物概况。
历史文化名城曲阜是我国古代伟大的思想家、教育家、政治家、文献整理家、世之圣人孔子的家乡,亚圣孟子的故里,中华民族的始祖轩辕黄帝的诞生地,炎帝的首都,商殷故国,鲁国首都。三皇五帝有四位在这里生息劳作,有5000多年的历史。地下有丰富的宝藏,地上有众多的文物。现有文物112处,其中有联合国保护单位,世界文化遗产3处,全国保护的4处,省级12处,其他为地市级保护的。
重中之重有“三孔两庙一陵”、“三山二林一寺”。孔庙、孔府、孔林,俗称“三孔”,有祭祀中国元圣周公的庙宇,有祭祀孔子第一大弟子复圣颜回的庙,俗称“两庙”;“一陵”是黄帝诞生地――寿丘少昊陵;“三山”;孔子出生地尼山、汉墓群九龙山、小泰山――九仙山(又称九山)。二林是:世界教育孩子最好的母亲孟母林,孔子父母埋葬地梁公林;“一寺”是李白、杜甫作诗、答对、分手处,著名文人孔尚任隐居处国家园林“石门寺”。
我们现在看孔庙。
孔庙,又称至圣庙,是祭祀孔子及其夫人亓官氏和七十二贤人的地方。孔庙同北京的故宫、河北承德市避暑山庄并称中国的三大古建筑群。专家对孔庙讲了四名话:建筑时间最久远、最宏大、保存最完整、东方建筑特色最突出。从孔庙可看出两个问题:一是孔子对中国乃至东方文化的巨大贡献;二是中国在历史上就有能工巧匠。
孔庙始建于公元前478年,孔子去世的第二年建庙。在孔子故居建庙堂三间,陈列孔子的衣、车、书等,“岁时奉祀”。历代皇帝对孔庙都有扩建,计大修15次,中修31次,小修数百次达到现在的规模。孔庙仿皇宫建筑之制,分三路布局,九过院落,共有房屋466间,门亭54座,东西相对贯穿在一条中轴线上,有碑碣近千块,占地327。5亩,长达两华里又150公尺。现在看到的孔庙是明弘治年间的规模。解放后国家多次拨款维修保护。我国首批公布的全国重点文物保护单位,1994年12月列入世界文化遗产,成为联合国保护的文物单位,孔庙建筑时间之久远,规模之宏大,保存之完整实属世之罕见。
神道。“万仞宫墙”前古柏苍劲的这段路为“神道”。重要的庙宇前都有专开的尊敬灵通之道,称“神道”。
万仞宫墙。这道门是曲阜明城正南门,也是孔庙的第一道门,上悬“万仞宫墙”四个大字,系清乾隆皇帝的御笔。它来源于孔子得意弟子子贡。鲁国大会诸侯时,有人提出子贡的学问博大精深,可与孔子相提并论,子贡在场,马上站起来说,我可不敢与俺老师孔子比,人的学问好比一堵墙,我这道墙只有一仞之高,俺老师的墙有数仞之多。就是说,我的学问等于一肩膀头子高,一目了然没什么深奥的;孔子的学问有我数倍之多,经过详细的研究,全面的探讨,才能了解他的全部,入了门以后,才能看到宗庙之美,在门外头你是看不到的。后人为了形容孔子的学问高深,从夫子之墙数仞,到“百仞”、“千仞”到明代皇帝封孔子为“天下文官主,历代帝王师”,封孔子学问有“万仞”,赞颂孔子学问有一万个八尺,往上看,看不到顶,亦说此墙深壁高垒非常坚固。这四个字原为明钦差所写,乾隆为表示他对孔子的重视,亲书“万仞宫墙”换上了他的御笔。
“二柏担一孔”。过玉振坊这个单孔的石拱桥,东西各有一棵古柏,所以人称“二柏担一孔”。这桥名曰:“泮水桥”与行宫旁泮水池的水相通,因之演义为“盼水”。过去读孔孟之书,考上高等学府叫“入盼”,做官的盼高升,做买卖盼发财,过日子盼兴旺。
下马碑。庙墙外东西各立一块石碑,公元1191年专立的下马碑,下轿碑。西边的碑早毁坏,东边这块碑上写“官员人等至此下马”。过去文武官员、庶民百姓从此路过下轿下马徒步而行,以示对孔子、孔庙的尊敬。
棂星门。明代所建,公元1754年重修,由木制改铁石的。“棂星门”系乾隆御笔。相传天上星系“有二十八宿”,其中,有个掌管文化的星叫“棂星”,又名“文曲星”、“天振星”,把孔子与天上管文化的星联系起来,说文化方面他是最高的,如过去祭天,要先祭“文曲星”,有尊孔如尊天的说法。
太和元气坊。这坊是明代公元1544年所建,极赞孔子的思想,主张如同“太空宇宙能哺育万物。天地之合,四方之合,阴阳之合”,称“太和”之气是最基本的东西,宇宙之太和,人间之元气。“太和元气”系山东巡抚曾铣手书。
至圣庙坊。明代所建“至圣庙坊”,是汉白玉的,上饰火焰宝珠。
德侔天地,道冠古今。这道院的东西对衬各建一处很奇特的牌坊,木制角棱环绕,千头万续,下有八个怪兽,叫“天龙神狮”,相传它威严灵感,可驱除邪恶,匡扶正义。东边牌坊上书:“德侔天地”,说孔子的思想主张给人类的好处如同天高地厚,功德能同天地相比。西边的牌坊上书“道冠古今”,赞孔子思想、办法古今都是盖世之冠。
圣时门。三门并列,四道台皆同上,中央盘龙。此门命名来源于孟子,对古代四位圣人伯夷、伊尹、柳下惠、孔子,孟子把四圣人的圣迹归纳为四句话:伯夷圣之清者也,伊尹圣之任者也,柳下惠圣之和者也,孔子圣之时者也。“圣时”极赞孔子思想主张经久不衰,是适合时代的圣人。皇帝来曲阜朝孔要行“三跪九叩大礼”,走圣时门;历代“衍圣公”出生时打开“圣时门”,除这两种情况外,此门不轻易开启。都走快G门、仰高门。
快G门,取先睹为快之意。就是说孔子的学问“五经四书”,谁先学谁先有文化,谁先学谁先有知识,争相学习,以先见到先读为快乐。
仰高门。根据颜回赞扬孔子的一段话命名的。颜回说,夫子之道,仰之弥高,钻之弥坚。赞孔子学问向上看不到顶,叫“弥高”,学起来文言文很难懂,叫“弥坚”,高不是高不可攀,经过努力是完全可以学到的。颜回说“夫子循循然,善诱人,博我以文,说我以礼。”俺老师循循善诱,教我以文化,施我以礼节。
汉石人。仰高门里亭子里有两位历史价值很高的汉石人,一位是“亭长”,(汉代地方小官),一位府门之卒,都是鲁王墓前守卫的。石人被历代金石学家所重视,对研究汉代服装和文字有重要价值。
金水桥,这道桥,同故宫前的桥同名,称金水桥,又叫碧水桥,三孔排列,绿水荡漾。
大中门。大中门是宋代孔庙的大门,称“中和门”,意为用孔子的思想处理问题都可迎刃而解。明代扩建庙改称“大中门”,赞孔子的学问是集人类知识之大成,中,取“中庸”之意,“中者天下之正道,庸者天下之定理”,中不偏,庸不易。离开中者,就不是正道,成了邪道、歪门。就是说不左不右,公平正道,向前为中庸。大中门东西两头有角楼两座是守卫孔庙用的。
同文门,四大名牌,孔庙图。进入大中门里左右有四块大碑。西边的明弘治碑,讲的纲常伦理。弘治碑右侧有明代才子湖南长沙李东阳绘制的“孔庙图”价值很高。篇六:孔庙导游词
女士们!先生们!大家好!我叫任一诺。今天,由我来带领你们游览“三孔”:・孔庙・。孔子有句名言:“有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎”我有幸担任导游,十分高兴。我将尽力为大家服务,不足之处,请批评改正。
在参观三孔之前,请允许我介绍一下曲阜。曲阜地处鲁中小区和鲁西南平原的交界处。大诗人李白曾描写曲阜:“笑夸故人指绝境,山光水色青如兰”。现在我们参观孔庙。孔庙位于曲阜城中心,是古代人们为了几年孔子生前的伟大思想宽阔的精神品质所建的一座韵味十足的建筑。前后九进院落,占地327.5亩,南北长达1公里;共有建筑466间,54座门坊;加之庙内1700余株古树,一个个直冲云天,听说当时谁敢砍倒一棵,就会以杀头处理。每一棵树,每一个门的名字都含有孔子“仁”的思想。
与孔庙毗邻,是孔子嫡系长子长孙居住的府第,三路布局,九进院落,共有建筑463间,加上后花园,共占地240亩。,也称“衍圣公府”。“衍圣”的意思是说“圣道”、“圣裔”能繁衍接续,
进入大门,由此向后分为三路,东路建有一贯堂、慕恩堂、孔氏家庙等;西路是当年接待贵宾和读书习礼的地方,有红萼轩、忠恕堂、安怀堂、花厅等;中路是的主体建筑,前半部为官衙,后半部为内宅。
,是孔子家庭的专用墓地,也是世界上延时最久、规模最大的家庭墓地。占地三千多亩。周围垣墙高3米,厚1.5米,长14.5华里。林内有各种树木10万多株,数百种植物。在万木掩映之中,碑石林立,石像成群,十分壮观。
现在自由活动3小时,可以自行游览“三孔”,也可以进行游戏、野餐等活动,但必须保证卫生。
参观“三孔”到此结束了,回到家里时,别忘了说你们还有一个这样导游噢!