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第一篇：英语论文开题报告
姓名:侯俊 班级:03544 学号:xx05040416
专业:商务英语
一、论文的来源，目的，意义，国内外概况和预测
xx年11月10日深夜,世界贸易组织第四届部长级会议通过了中国加入世界贸易组织的决定。无论按什么标准来撰写中国改革开放的历史,加入世界贸易组织都将会被列入这一时期最重大的事件之一。加入世界贸易组织是中国改革开放的必然结果，中国加入世界组织必将加快改革开放的步伐。
可以说，中国加入世贸对中国绝大部分行业的发展是有利的，但有机遇同样就会有挑战，尤其是对中国农业的发展。目前，中国农业正在进入一个新的发展阶段，中国加入wto，农业面临一个新的国际环境，新阶段新环境将把中国农业推向市场竞争的巅峰。
论文百事通中国农业的市场竞争会由国内竞争转向国内国际双重竞争，农业资源也会由国内配置转向国内国际双重配置。中国入世，绿色壁垒逐步取代了关税和配额，成为我国农产品出口面临的最大障碍。在这样的背景下，中国农业如何应对将会是一个亟待做出抉择的问题。研究如何有效地利用wto规则和机制来保护和促进我国农业的发展将是一个重要的课题。
鉴于此，我选择了中国加入wto后的外贸研究这个论文课题，希望通过自己论文写作的过程，来加深对wto的了解。
二、有关论文课题调查和研究情况，预计论文达到的目的，要求
随着经济全球化的进程不断加快,人民生活水平的不段提高，环境与可持续发展得到了人们普遍的关注。经济、科技、社会、人口和环境的协调发展，已经得到各国的公认。消费观转向对提高生活质量的要求，人们不仅要提高生活水平，更重要的是要提高生活质量，当然包括环境质量。然而，为了保护环境所采取的措施往往包含贸易手段，所以环境也不可避免地影响着国际贸易。发达国家为了保护自己的利益，纷纷筑起绿色壁垒。我国农业遭到了严重的打击，损失极大。如何面对绿色壁垒?怎样发展我国的农业?这是我国现在发展阶段要解决的问题之一。
拓展知识：
英语论文提纲范本
contents
i. introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
ii. several kinds of the origin of festivals in english-speaking countries--------1
1. religious and customary-------------------------------------------------------------1
1.1 christmas----------------------------------------------------------------------------2
1.2 boxing day--------------------------------------------------------------------------2
1.3 easter sunday ----------------------------------------------------------------------2
1.4 halloween----------------------------------------------------------------------------3
1.5 new years day -------------------------------------------------------------------4
1.6 all fools day------------------------------------------------------------------------5
1.7 thanksgiving day------------------------------------------------------------------5
2. memorial--------------------------------------------------------------------------------7
2.1 for great peoples-------------------------------------------------------------------8
2.2 for great events--------------------------------------------------------------------10
3. brought in by immigrant------------------------------------------------------------11
.the festivals’ influence on people’s daily life in english-speaking countries.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12
第二篇：英语论文开题报告范文
1 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
China plays a much more important role in world economic system along with thedevelopment of economic globalization. Economic globalization not only accelerates our country'seconomic growth, but also promotes the speed of international trade all over the world. Thereforeexcellent business communication competence becomes increasingly important as well. As one ofthe language media business English correspondence aims to link overseas and domestic economicentities, exchange information, communicate with each other and deal with business. It plays anextremely important role in the frequent international trade. It is no exaggeration to say, businessEnglish correspondence is used in every step of business activities.
The course of business English writing has almost expanded into every university curriculum.Both foreign and domestic scholars have done researches on business English correspondencefrom the perspective of lexicon, semantic fields, especially based on corpus. There are two majorlarge-scale corpora on business English. One is Nelson's Business English Corpus (BEC for short)accounting for one million words. The other one is Poly U Business Corpora constructed by HongKong Polytechnic University. The Poly U Business Corpora are made up of three comparablecorpora of Chinese, English and Japanese business texts, the majority of which originate from thebusiness and finance sections of newspapers written in those languages, covering news and reportsfrom auditing and accounting to insurance and investments. Each of the corpora has more than onemillion words. It is accessible on line for searching key words to see a concordance taken fromPoly U Business English corpus, which is helpful to students and teachers. It is thus obviously thatbusiness English is quite important so that attracts much attention from linguistic researchers. Ithas been an overriding aim of this project to create a resource for researchers to help furtherknowledge of an area which so far has been the research topic of many scholars.
1.2 Significance of the Study
This thesis makes a relatively complete study of business English correspondence from theperspective of lexical grammar theory and syntactic theory. It takes up business Englishcorrespondence as its research topic and aims to propose some feasible strategies in businessEnglish correspondence writing and teaching. The study expected to achieve both theoretical andpractical significance as follows:
First of all, this study will introduce a new research method. Corpus provides a brand newway for the study of language. It breaks through the traditional method of intuitive experiencemethod and turns to the original analysis of natural language in order to provide a firm foundationand data support for language research in various fields. Traditional intuitive experience methodfocuses on personal experience and intuition, manual methods or introspective method whichcould acquire linguistic knowledge only from limited data of language materials. This method ofacquiring linguistic knowledge is not only inefficiency but also more subjective which inevitablyleads a effect on the accuracy of final result. However, corpus-based approach is totally different.Corpus can find the target data quickly by using computer software for scientific analysis, andovercome the limitation of traditional research on the subjectivity and one-sidedness. Thismacroscopic method can carry on a multi-level and all-rounded research on the basis of a largenumber of real data, and effectively promote the new theoretical model and research paradigm. Italso relies on computer science to achieve its powerful function in language searching, andprovides a new method in linguistic research for the majority of language researchers.
Secondly, a clear understanding of lexical grammar theory could be achieved. Language is atool for human communication which inevitably cannot do without meaning expression andunderstanding. Sinclair broke the previous rules of describing vocabulary and grammar in aseparate way. Therefore, a new point of view has been proposed. That is language should bedescribed by using the way combining vocabulary and grammar which opened up a new path forlanguage description based on a corpus. Then he proposed lexical grammar, and believed thatvocabulary and grammar are equally important, in which vocabulary is the starting point forbuilding the language model. The key aspects about the origin of lexical grammar and thewholeness of lexis and grammar will be discussed in detail in next chapter and this study is basedon the theory of lexical grammar to explore the features of business English correspondence fromlexical and syntactic levels.
Thirdly, after a relatively complete study on the business English correspondence, typicallexical and syntactic features could be worked out.
Fourthly, feasible strategies could be proposed to business English correspondence writingand teaching.
1.3 Layout of the Thesis
In this thesis, the study will do some research on business English correspondence andmanage to summarize some common syntactic features of business English correspondence basedon lexical-grammar theory and syntactic theory. This thesis is divided into the following six parts:
Chapter 1, the introduction part is an introduction concerning the theme of the thesis,including a general introduction of the background and significance of the study and theorganization of the whole thesis.
Chapter 2, a literature review is provided in this chapter, which gives out an overview of thecorpus linguistics and business English correspondence. It first introduces business Englishcorrespondence and corpus linguistics briefly, and then gives a comprehensive introduction tothem which are also discussed here for better understanding to the field that the theory will beapplied to. Relevant studies both on Corpus linguistics and business English correspondence arealso presented at the end of each part.
Chapter 3 introduces the theoretical framework which contains four main parts: principles ofbusiness English correspondence, the application in corpus linguistics, lexical grammar andsyntactic theory. Then Sinclair's lexical grammar theory and syntactic theory will be discussed indetail. In the end of this chapter, the writer will talk about the paper's feasibility.
Chapter 4 addresses the research methodology of the study which includes the corpus-basedquantitative and qualitative method, the corpus and instruments used in the study, the proceduresof the study both in relation to data collection and data processing and concordance.
Chapter 5 is the main part of the thesis of which lexical and syntactic features will bediscussed and analyzed in this part. Word length, sentence length, wordlist and some other wordfrequency will be listed and analyzed in detail.
Chapter 6 draws a conclusion of the thesis, which gives a summary to the whole paper.Besides the major findings of the study, it also points out the limitations and difficulties of thepresent study.
2 CONTENTS
Abstract in Chinese
Abstract in English
1 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Significance of the Study
1.3 Layout of the Thesis
2 Literature Review
2.1 Studies on Business English Correspondence Abroad and at Home
2.2 Studies based on Corpus Linguistics Abroad and at Home
2.3 Summary
3 Theoretical Framework
3.1 Writing Principles of Business English Correspondence
3.2 Lexical Grammar
3.3 Syntactic Theory
4 Methodology
4.1 Corpus-Based Approach
4.2 Research Instruments
4.3 Research Procedures
4.3.1 Data Collection
4.3.2 Data Clean-up
4.3.3 Tokenization
4.3.4 Lemmatization
4.3.5 Part-of-speech Tagging
5 Results and Discussions
5.1 Syntactic Complexity Analysis
5.1.1 Analysis of Word Length and Sentence Length
5.1.2 Contrastive Analysis between Content Words and Function Words
5.1.3 Contrastive Analysis between Simple Sentence and Complex Sentence
5.2 Syntactic Pattern Analysis
5.2.1 Passive Voice
5.2.2 Interrogative Sentence
5.2.3 Subjunctive Mood
5.3 Syntactic Feature Analysis
5.3.1 Syntactic Feature of Letters of Request and Comfirmation
5.3.2 Syntactic Feature of Letters of Acceptance and Refusal
5.3.3 Syntactic Feature of Letters of Appreciation and Apology
6 Conclusion
6.1 Major Findings
6.2 Implications for the Study
6.3 Limitations
Acknowledgement
References
Appendix
Papers published in the period of Ph. M. education
进度安排
1.Collecting the related materials and designing theresearch, data analysis: Sep.1st-Dec.31st,20xx
2.Writing the first draft: Jan.1st- Feb.31st, 20xx
3.Writing the second draft:Mar. 1st- Apr. 31st,20xx
4.Writing the final draft: May. 1st- May.31st,20xx
5.Preparing for defense of the thesis: June.1st- June31st,20xx
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第三篇：英语论文开题报告范文
一、改革教学目标
中学英语教学改革是摆在中学英语教师和从事学英语教学研究工作者面前的一个课题。
进行中学英语教学大纲中教学目标和要求比过去大纲中的目标与要求具体得多，这是一个进步。但在进行大纲中，仍然存在着一些弊病，具体讲，存在着以下问题：
1）大纲教学目标和要求的描述不尽详细。
现行大纲对有些目标和要求的描述很不具体，如，大纲中对读的要求有这样的文字描述：“能读懂简单的运用文，如信函、请柬、通知、便条、说明、表格、图示和标志等。”这句话中的要求就不详细，如“信函”，我们知道信函包括很多种，而在此所指的是哪一种呢，教师就不得而知了。无奈之余，他们在教学中，就有些不知所措了。在高三的复习中，只好把各种“信函”全部给拉出来见面。而事实上，根据近些年的高考题来看，信函大多属于普通信、邀请信和感谢信。所以，我认为，既然要具体，就应该再详细一些，以便于教师在教学中操作。
2）大纲中的目标和要求不完善。
现行英语教学大纲第二部分的教学要求中只写出了“高级中学二年级和三年级英语教学要求”，而对高一年级的要求只字未提。高一是一个过渡时期，它处于初三和高二之间，学生处于一个转轨阶段。在这一时期，教师教学的尺度本来就很难把握，再加上大纲中又不作任何要求，这就更提高了教师施教的难度，故应该改革这种情况。
二、改革教学观念
人的一切行为都是在理论的指导下进行实践的。没有先进的思想观念，便不可能有先进的教学实践。如果教学观念滞后，就不可能有新的教学方法的产生。故教学观念的改革显得越来越重要。
改变观念不能只是一句口号，而应成为实实在在的行动。改革观念最有效的途径是出国进修，直接感受国外英语教学的思想和观念。除此之外，教师们还应该眼观六路，耳听八方，虚怀若谷，不断地学习。只有这样，观念方可转变，才能跟上时代的要求，不至于落伍。
三、改革和完善现行教材
现行教材有很多的优点，它已被广大中学师生所接受。但作为一套教材，它还存在着一些问题：
1）教材内容多，课时少的矛盾。
2）教材缺乏系统性。
3）教材中的漏误。
4）配套材料不够完善。
5）缺乏系统配套的泛读材料。
6）语言不严密。
这些问题严重影响着教学达标。根据以上问题，现行教材亟待改革。
四、改革教法
英语教学法是执教者根据英语教育的基本规律所采用的一种语言教学的方法。教学方法的选择是依据教学目标和教学内容来确定的。采用了科学的教学方法，教学方可有效。回顾我国英语教学法的演变过程，真可谓步履艰难。自从中国开始大规模的英语教学以来近百年，英语教学法经历了五个时期，即：对比法——直接法——翻译法——结构法和功能法。而这五种教学法又是交替使用，从来没有被单独使用过，其中翻译法沿用的时间最长。这一方法主要针对英语知识的教学，它至今仍在一定程度上影响着我们的教学。而现在的新教材是功能法和结构法的产物，是实用主义哲学的体现。根据我国改革开放的需要，要求培养学生能在国际交往中直接使用英语的能力。改革教法的目的就是要把过去的知识传授型的方法和不适合新教材的教学法改为功能交际法，以便达到培养交际能力的目的。
五、改革教学手段
新教材突出交际能力的培养。同时由于新教材容量大，课时有限，因此如果在教学中还一味地使用过去的“三个一”（一张嘴、一本书、一支粉笔）的教学手段，那是很难完成教学任务的，更不用说达到教学目标了。鉴于此，各学校应该尽力去改善英语教学的手段。英语教学改革的目标就是要利用一切可以利用现代化教学手段，给学生提供现代化的视听仪器和教学辅助设施，增大课堂容量，提高课堂教学的效果。
六、改革评估检测
考试、检测是评估教学效果的惯用手段。尽管新教材已经使用了六年多了，但至今还没有一套完全适合新教材的评估检测手段。现在的实际情况是考、教脱节。新教材以培养交际能力的目的，而现在的考试，评估仍然是以考试语法为主，这严重影响着教学。众所周知，考什么教什么，尽管近年来对能力的考查有所侧重，但事实上现在的考试仍然没有完全摆脱语法考试的影响。故导致在复习备考阶段，大部分时间还是花在了语法复习上。因此这种评估检测手段亟待改革。
七、改革师资现状
目前，全国各地中学英语师资水平很不均衡。越是贫困的地区，师资水平越低。造成这种情况的原因是多方面的。
1）七十年代，由于师资缺乏，全国各地举办了不少的短训班。短训班里培训出的教师解决了当时教师缺乏的问题，而这部分人的英语素质不高。
2）现在的中学教师中大多数属于八十年代中专或大专毕业生，虽然他们在长期的教学实践中努力，自修，拿到了大本函授文凭，但实际上，大多数的水平提高幅度不大。
3）函授不利于教师素质的提高，因为英语作为一种语言，在学习过程中，须进行听、说、读、写、译各方面的训练，而函授不能很好地解决这些问题。
4）由于工作环境和时间的推移，教师们的听、说能力不断地退化。
5）由于区域发展的不平衡，教师流动较大。这样就使得经济较发达的地区，教师师资水平越来越高，落后地区的师资水平越来越低，这样就造成了恶性循环，很不利于英语教学水平的全面提高。
鉴于以上原因，我们必须设法改革英语师资的现状。为了改革师资队伍的建设，国家教委计划将在近三年内培养一万名能教会研的教师，这对英语教师来说是一件难得的好事，除此之外各地的教育行政部门和学校教应该为教师们创造条件，鼓励进修。
总之，凡是不利于推行素质教育的情况均需改革。作为一名教师，我认为我们有责任为深化教学改革做一些力所能及的事情。如果每个教育教学工作者都来为教学改革出谋献策，那么，我们英语教学改革的成功之日也就为期不远了。希望我们共同努力，为之奋斗！
