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第一篇：1introduction
The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.
Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. from then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. among these schools is descriptive translation studies (dts).
Dts approaches translation from an empirical perspective. translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.
My attention was first directed to dts by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. the subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.
The method of dts is basically descriptive. the prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. translation phenomena are noted down. with accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. i will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.
A convenient tool has been set up to conduct dts. “norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.
The case taken in this thesis is the chinese classic the dream of red mansions. two english versions translated respectively by yang hsien-yi and david hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.
In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of dts.
第二篇：24casestudy
In this part, translation of the dream of red mansions (also translated as the story of the stone) will be under investigation in light of dts. translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.
第三篇：25conclusion
Based on the above elaboration of dts and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of dts in specific study of translation. suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.
(note: while the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)
第四篇：英语专业开题报告模板
选题目的、价值和意义
色彩与人类的生活息息相关，是人类认识世界的一个重要领域。色彩不仅具有物理属性，还有着丰富的文化内涵和延伸意义，因此是语言，文化及翻译研究中的一个重要课题。在英汉两种语言中，均存在大量与颜色有关的表达方式，表达一种特定的文化内涵。但由于英语和汉语分属于两个截然不同的文化语系，两个民族对同一颜色所产生的联想有共性，也有差异性，有时甚至会完全相悖。所以，在翻译这些带有颜色词的表达式方式时，一定要弄清它的实际含义。因为有时颜色词并不表示颜色，而是引申，转换成其他特殊的含义。 所以本文试图通过英汉颜色词的对照比较，找出其异同点，在加深理解的前提下，对该类词汇的翻译进行探讨，
资料共享平台《英语专业开题报告模板》(https://www.unjs.com)。本课题在国内外的研究状况及发展趋势
颜色词的研究一直备受国内外语言学家的.关注。罗莉娅在《英汉颜色词认知对比研究》(2006年)中从认知语言学的角度对《英汉大词典》和《汉语大词典》里的所有英汉颜色词进行全面的对比分析，研究了英汉颜色词构造特征,语义演变方式和规律。李晓珊(2004)则着重从表达方式，感情色彩，运用范畴三个方面探讨颜色词的文化内涵，从而反映其文化差异。也有的学者如王一(2009)着重对黑白红三种颜色在英汉两种语言中的异同展开讨论，并指出语言和文化是紧密相连不可分割的。
中英颜色词汇的比较和翻译是一项艰巨而又复杂的劳动, 需要英语学习者对中英两国文化都有很深刻的理解, 对字词句进行仔细分析, 充分理解原文。越来越多的研究者意识到翻译不仅仅是双语交流, 更是一种跨文化交流, 翻译的目的是突破语言障碍, 实现并促进文化交流; 翻译的实质是跨文化信息传递，这也将是未来比较和翻译研究的终极方向。
主要研究内容
中英颜色词在意义和用法上有很多不同之处，本文通过对“红，黑， 白，黄，蓝，绿”这六种基本颜色词的比较，从英汉各自的文化系统出发，找出其内涵意义的相似和不同之处，并探讨如何翻译具体语境中的颜色词。
完成论文(设计)的条件、方法及措施
1. 阅读大量有关文献和相关学术论文，期刊文章
2. 与指导老师交谈，认真听取老师意见进行修改
3. 在中国知网，万方数据和图书馆查询相关信息和资料
论文(设计)拟定提纲
Ⅰ.Introduction
Ⅱ. Comparison of Color Words in English and Chinese
2.1 Concept and classification
2.2 Comparison
Ⅲ. Translation of Color Words in English and Chinese
3.1 Literal translation
3.2 free translation
Ⅳ.Conclusion
主要参考文献(研究综述：作者、题目、杂志、卷号、页码)
[1]陈安定.英汉比较与翻译[M].中国对外翻译出版公司，1991.
[2]陈忠诚.词语翻译丛书[M].中国对外翻译出版社，1983.
[3]葛传贵等.新英汉辞典[M].上海译文出版社，1982.
[4]陆国强.现代英语研究[M].复旦大学出版社，1997.
[5]刘季春.实用翻译教程[M].中山大学出版社，2001.
[6]李瑞华.英汉语言文化对比研究[M].上海外语教育出版社，1996.
[7]孙季彦.英语色彩词趣谈[M].英语辅导，1997(2).
[8]邵志红.英汉与研究与对比[M].华东理工大学出版社，1997.
[9]邵志红.英汉语言文化对比研究[M].上海外语教育出版社，2000.
[10]王秉钦.文化翻译学[M].南开大学出版社，1995.
[11]王得春等.汉语国俗辞典[M].河海大学出版社，1998.
[12]杨宇光，黄关福.英汉英美社会生活辞典[M].复旦大学出版社，1994.
[13]杨自俭，李瑞华.英汉对比研究论文集[M].上海外语教育出版社，1990.
[14]张保红.文学翻译的多角度及美学效果[M].外语与外语教学，2001(6).
[15]张配基.英语声色词与翻译[M].商务印书馆，1979.
[16]Susan Buller. he Macquarie Dictionary of New Words[J].The Macquarie
Library Pty Ltd，1990.
第五篇：21developmentandmajorconceptsofdts
In this part i will describe holms’ basic map of dts and the relationship between function, process and product. i will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.
第六篇：英语论文开题报告范文
function and application of descriptive translation studies
1 introduction
the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.
since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. from then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. among these schools is descriptive translation studies (dts).
dts approaches translation from an empirical perspective. translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.
my attention was first directed to dts by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. the subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.
the method of dts is basically descriptive. the prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. translation phenomena are noted down. with accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. i will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.
a convenient tool has been set up to conduct dts. “norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.
the case taken in this thesis is the chinese classic the dream of red mansions. two english versions translated respectively by yang hsien-yi and david hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.
in this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of dts.
2 outline
2.1 development and major concepts of dts
in this part i will describe holms’ basic map of dts and the relationship between function, process and product. i will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.
2.2 methodolgy
i will in this part discuss the methodology of dts before i apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.
2.3 dts in contrast to other theories
a contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of dts from other theories such as equivalence theory and the chinese xin da ya criteria. some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.
2.4 case study
in this part, translation of the dream of red mansions (also translated as the story of the stone) will be under investigation in light of dts. translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.
2.5 conclusion
based on the above elaboration of dts and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of dts in specific study of translation. suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.
(note: while the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)
0000
附录2- 引文范例(仅供参考)
“it is therefore pointless to try to make tc more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”(wilss, 1982: 217)
‘“噢，这就是恐水病吧？你们贵族圈子怎么流行起这种病来啦？真够呛的！费芬斯小姐，您喝点茶大概没关系吧！”’（张南峰，1990：59-60）
附录3- 参考文献范例(仅供参考)
wilss, wolfram. the science of translation C problems and methods. gunter narr verlag tubingen,1982.
newmark, peter. a textbook of translation. new york: prentice hall, 1988.
delabastita, dirk. translating puns: a false opposition in translation studies. target, 1991(3:2):137-152.
专 业： 研究方向： 作 者： 导 师： 写作时间： ―
对外经济贸易大学英语学院
（英文）school of international studiesuniversity of international business and economics
pragmatic strategies in advertising: implicatures
wang ying
a thesis submitted to school of international studies of university of international business and economicsin partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of master of arts
april 2002beijing, china
