语言学类硕士论文开题报告(大全)

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第一篇:语言学类硕士论文开题报告

一、研究或设计的目的和意义

《金瓶梅》作为是中国的第1奇书,自问世以后,就为中国的世情小说的`发展奠定了基础,并且把我国长篇小说的发展划分成了才子佳人的故事和家庭生活为题材描摹世态的及以社会生活为题材、用讽刺笔法来暴露的两大派系。而《红楼梦》在批判的继承了《金瓶梅》的才子佳人小说的创作经验后又有了重大的突破。成为了世情小说最伟大的作品。在“54”文学革命者做出了新的评价,鲁迅等阐述了《红楼梦》的现实主义精神和杰出成就后,使《红楼梦》的现实主义精神得以回归。直到现在,《红楼梦》、《金瓶梅》仍是许多作家永远读不完、永远值得读的好书。成为中国作家创作出高水平的作品的不可多得的借鉴品。然而,探讨两大名著的男主人公贾宝玉与西门庆的悲剧性,可以对两大名著中的社会悲剧,人类悲剧,男人悲剧更好的认识和了解,以供后人借鉴。从而启发后世的世情小说的创作,使今后的世情小说创作中的人物悲剧性达到1个更高的巅峰。

二、研究和设计的国内外现状和发展趋势:

中国的两大世情小说《红楼梦》、《金瓶梅》。对他们的研究是中国古代小说研究领域中的两大学术热点。被称为中国第1奇书的《金瓶梅》从106世纪末问世后,研究者1开始不是很多,但是随着中国学术的从古典向现代转型,随着小说价值观念的变革与更新。对《金瓶梅》的研究渐渐的由微入深,被学术界称为“金学”。并受到国外学者的高度重视。现如今的外文译本有英、法、德、意、拉丁、芬兰、俄、日、朝、越、蒙等10几多种文种。对其做出了各方面的重大研究,并称其为中国通俗小说的发展史上1个伟大的创新。国内外的众多评论者并对其的创作时代、作者,及其所要暴露的社会矛盾和小说中所剖视扭曲的人性、悲剧性,性的描写,人物性格的刻画,语言的运用,并对其形成的网状结构做出了大量的归纳和探究。《红楼梦》与《金瓶梅》之间有着10分明显的继承和发展的关系。《红楼梦》是《金瓶梅》的1个重大的突破。引起了众多的人对《红楼梦》的评论和研究的兴趣,并形成了1种专门的学问――红学。《红楼梦》这部伟大的作品属于中国,也属于世界。《红楼梦》在国外有多种的译本:英、法、日等10几种语种的译本。并且国内外众多的评论者对其版本、作者,以及其的社会悲剧,人生悲剧,爱情悲剧,人物性格,个性化的文学语言,写实与诗化的融合,浑融1体的网状结构做出了大量的归纳和探究。然而,贾宝玉与西门庆作为是《红楼梦》和《金瓶梅》的两位男主人公。国内外的众多评论者都对其2人的人物形象,语言风格,现实原型,性格内涵,性的体验,个人悲剧等都做出了归纳和探究。《红楼梦》作为是《金瓶梅》的1个延续、1个发展,它的男主人公贾宝玉与西门庆有着1定的联系,对其2人的研究在今后应趋向于2人的社会悲剧,人类悲剧,男人悲剧的诠释及分析。

三、主要研究或设计内容,需要解决的关键问题和思路:

(1)总论

没有《金瓶梅》就写不出《红楼梦》,从《红楼梦》与《金瓶梅》题材类似的角度引出中心论点。

(2)分论

全文分3个部分

第1部分:阐述西门庆的悲剧性

西门庆1个市井无赖、流氓、淫棍,1个精明的商人,靠着他对金钱的占有肆意的挥霍、放纵,以自我为中心来实现他对放纵,及其通过金钱获得了强大的权利,随意的鄙弃人间,在此背后所体现出的社会的黑暗、。构成了其特有的社会悲剧、人类悲剧、男人的悲剧。

第2部分:阐述贾宝玉的悲剧性

贾宝玉1块晶莹剔透的宝玉1个显耀的贵族,他的个性、他的自我、他对女孩子的尊崇迫使他与封建传统相背道。他作为荣国府的唯1继承人,他肩负着荣国府的全部希望。但是他自身的性格特点,使他成为了“大逆不道的不肖子。”

第3部分:论证传统的价值观、传统的伦理观与贾宝玉、西门庆的悲剧性

传统的价值观、传统的伦理观,在贾宝玉与西门庆的行为中被肆意的践踏,新兴的与传统的极大的对立,但是封建的旧势力是无比强大的,最终,贾宝玉是失败的,西门庆是失败的,形成1个永恒的悲剧。

四、完成毕业论文(设计)所必须具备的工作条件及解决的方法:

1. 在图书馆查阅大量的文献资料。

2. 利用百度上网搜索最新相关信息。

3. 在指导老师的帮助下最终完成毕业论文。

五、工作的主要阶段、进度与时间安排:

1、论文的选题:20XX年1月

2、完成论文的开题报告:20XX年1月

3、完成论文的提纲:20XX年1月

4、撰写论文:20XX年2-3月

5、修改论文:20XX年4月

6、完成定稿:20XX年4月

六、阅读的主要参考文献及资料名称:

[1]管曙光编:《金瓶梅之迷》,中州古籍出版社,2000年版.

[2]明/兰陵笑笑生著,司徒博文译:《金瓶梅》,上海古籍出版社,2005年版.

[3]清/曹雪芹、高鄂著,张秀枫主编:《红楼梦》,时代文艺出版社,2000年版.

[4]清/曹雪芹著,杨国祥、杨德宏主编:《红楼梦》,长春出版社,1995年版.

[5]张国星编:《鲁迅胡适等解读〈金瓶梅〉》,辽海出版社,2002年版.

[6]尹恭弘著:《〈金瓶梅〉与晚明文化》,华文出版社,1997年版.

[7]袁行霈主编:《中国文学史》第4卷,高等教育出版社,1999年版.

[8]严明、田晓春等编著:《中国古代文学史(2)导学》,北京大学出版社,2002年版.

[9]张炯、邓绍基、樊骏主编;《中华文学通史》第3、4卷,华艺出版社,1997年版.

[10]张国星编:《胡适鲁迅王国维解读〈红楼梦〉》,辽海出版社,2002年版.

[11]智喜君著:《〈金瓶梅〉与欲》,辽海出版社,2005年版.

[12]张业敏著:《〈金瓶梅〉的艺术美》,教育科学出版社,1992年版.

[13]张国风著:《〈红楼梦〉趣谈与索解》,春风文艺出版社,1997年版.

[14]朱玄编:《红楼梦资料汇编》,南开大学出版社,2001年版.

[15]朱玄编:《金瓶梅资料汇编》,南开大学出版社,2001年版.

[16]王蒙著:《王蒙话说〈红楼梦〉》,作家出版社,2005年版.

第二篇:语言学类硕士论文开题报告

论文题目:********翻译上的应用

1、选题意义和背景

The progress of economic globalization has greatly hit the social life.

Advertising has become an important way of modern marketing and has attractedmerchants and the company. As people's consciousness worldwide enhances, manyproducts and services of advertising will be translated into other languages forpromotion to explore overseas markets. Advertising, as an effective way ofdisseminating brand information, has penetrated into many aspects of social life, andit plays a bridge role in connection and communication. Since China's accession tothe WTO, its connection with the world gets even closer. More and moreinternational enterprises and product brands come into China's huge market.

Translation of products and services for overseas consumers is not only the functionof promoting consumption, but also the effect of external publicity. In the globalmarket, advertising translation not only brings an opportunity for advertising, butalso has brings the huge challenge. Therefore, mastery of both Chinese and Englishadvertising translation is particularly important.

Skopos theory is the foundation and the core theory of functionalism. Skopostheory holds that the process of the whole translation behavior is determined to thepurpose of translation action, that is, the end justifies the means. The purpose of thetranslation behavior is the core element which determines the translation process.

Advertising translation has a strong purpose. What is more important toadvertising translation is whether translation can convey the purpose of source textand achieve the anticipated target of the source text, so as to attract the attention offoreign customers to induce their consumption desire, eventually to incur purchasebehavior.

2、论文综述/研究基础

1 Advertising Translation Studies in the West.

Advertising translation was mentioned in translation studies for the first time inHurbin's (1972) article “Peut-on traduire la langue de la publicé” (Can OneTranslate the Language of Advertising?)。 At that time, linguistics was the dominanthumanistic discipline, meanwhile, linguistics made translating a code-switchingoperation. Equivalence-based linguistic approaches mainly focus on the source text.

Hurhin argued that for one source text, there are several translations, and thetranslators chose which translation is the most appropriate one. Hurbin also pointedthat if glossaries of advertising language is compiled, this was made easier. So thetranslators will be easy to find the most appropriate equivalent expressions betweenthe source and the target text.

In Candace Seguinot's (1995) article “Translation and Advertising: GoingGlobal in Cultural Functions of Translation”. The main opinion of which is thatacross cultural boundaries, there is an understanding of culture and semioticsappearing in the marketing of goods and services. It goes well beyond both languageand design.

Another representative article “Advertising: a five-stage strategy for translationin Translation” as Intercultural Communication which is edited by C. Nord et al. Thearticle is published by Smith & Klein-Braley (1997)。 In this article, they conduct acontrastive analysis of English and German advertising. Then they developedtaxonomy of strategies for the analysis of advertising translation.

Up to now, the book which maybe the only one published exclusively onadvertisement translation is Translation Practices in International Advertisingwritten by Mathieu Guidere (2001)。 This book mainly talks about various aspects ofadvertising translation in international market and mainly concerns the globaladvertising of multinational companies, because they need to translate their productsinformation into other languages. The author analyzes some examples in advertisingtranslation and he shows readers some essential problems in current translation ideas.

This book introduced the strategies of translation which are implemented by the multinational firms to break into new markets.

2 Advertising Translation Studies in China.

Domestic advertising translation studies officially started in 1990s. In terms ofresearch contents, the initial studies mainly focused on the discussion about specificadvertising translation of idioms and the existing problems in Chinese-Englishadvertising translation. That was the primary stage. Years later, advertisingtranslation principle and criteria became the research themes. People hold the viewthat, advertising translation should give attention to in many aspects, such as text,language beauty, consumer psychology. Researchers illustrated their respectivepoints of view from different angles. Since the late 90s, although the discussion oftranslation principle and criteria were still mentioned, the researchers' attention weregradually focused on translation of difficult parts in advertising, such as therhetorical devices, emotional transmission, brand image and trademark reproduction ,etc. In terms of research methods, domestic advertising translation study mainly usesthe inductive method and the case study. Nevertheless, in recent years, researchersbegin to use the theory achievements of pragmatics and other related disciplines toanalyze different kinds of problems in advertising translation, and then put forwardsome translation strategies.

As early as 1992, Li Fan proposed the development of the advertising languageposed a severe challenge to advertising translation. The artful advertisings require thetranslator to break hard the tradition of the original, boldly innovate, and improve thequality of translation. There are three reasons for flexible advertising translation: 1)the purpose of advertising is to induce consumer to purchase products. Text is justmeans, so translations do not have to stick to the text equivalent; 2) the feature ofadvertising language is vivid, which is the essence of advertising language. If thetranslation is not bold to change, there will be no magic translation; 3) formulaicexpressions are common use in advertising, if not alternative, it may be translatedinto foreign stereotyped writing (黎凡 1992:29-31)。 At the same time, researchersthought in terms of some specific advertisements, flexible translation seems to be theonly way, especially in the four kinds of advertising: 1) advertising used of witty and polished words; 2) advertising used of brand name; 3) advertising used of puns; 4)advertising with strong national culture color.

In order to achieve concise expression, attract more readers' attention, facilitatereaders recognize and remember, advertising writing should follow the KISSprinciple, namely, “keep it short and sweet” (郭可 1992:57-64)。 A great number ofstudies on advertising translation are associated with concise problem. Ding Shude isdedicated to his studies. He holds that: 1) Chinese advertising often uses modifiers toemphasis, product characteristics, while English advertising is simple words, mainlywith oral type. a lot of subject-predicative phrases in Chinese can be directlytranslated into adjectives English , such as 速度快、效率高、行动灵活 can betranslated into “fast, efficient and handy”; 2) There are a large number of the fourwords in Chinese advertising structure, which bring parallelism and overlapping tostrengthen language, but there is no such characteristic in English. InChinese-English translation should hold the center, around the center word leads toall aspects; 3) there are often loose sentences, which express a large amount ofinformation in Chinese advertising. Translation should be concise and compact,strengthen the logic; 4) Chinese advertising commonly uses formulaic expressions.

Translation should be fascinating, considering the overall rhetorical, but not stackrhetoric. Good English advertising language is not many words, but it is impressive(丁树德 1995: 42-43)。 Cao Shunfa also takes a large number of examples of bothEnglish-Chinese translation two aspects show that based on the principle of simple,the translation of advertising language should strive to use the most simple languageto express the most complex meaning, to make it easy to be remembered (曹顺发2002: 43-45)。

Equivalence theory is based on Nida's equivalence translation theory. On thisbasis, some researchers point out that commercial advertising translation is mainlyon the equivalence of semantic, social and cultural, and stylistic aspect. 1) Thesemantic equivalence. This is the most basic and important equivalence. From wordto chapter, in order to achieve the semantic equivalence, the first thing to thetranslator is that he must determine the meaning of the translation unit in context.

The translator should pay attention to avoid leading ambiguity and interpretingwithout real understanding; 2) social and cultural equivalence. Translation is to introduce foreign culture. Due to the restriction of cultural differences and languageform, there is rarely a pair of words between English and Chinese, so the social andcultural factors should be considered in the translation equivalence. Strong culturalcolor of idioms, allusions, such as proper nouns in the translation should be adjusted,translate its true meaning; 3) the stylistic equivalence. One of the translation task isto reproduce the original style and literary style, keep the spirit and the form of theoriginal (蒋磊 1994:38-41)。 By contrast, other equivalence theory researchers are morevalued function equivalence. They think advertising translation should be followedby the equivalent principle on the basis of functional equivalence, and notconstrained by the original text expression (苏淑惠 1996:51-56)。

Some researchers point out that the aesthetic factors play a significant role incommercial advertising. Studies show that if there are connotation aesthetics andlanguage aesthetics, the advertising will be successful. Connotation aestheticsinclude the beauty of artistic conception, image, emotion and culture; languageaesthetics include the beauty of concise, word, sentence, phonology and rhetoric. Sotranslation should reproduce the original beauty, and extend when necessary, makethe translation have the same publicity effect with the original text ( 汪文格1999:86-89)。 They think that successful advertising is art fused of aesthetics,linguistics and psychology. In cross-cultural communication, when the literalmeaning and aesthetic feeling of advertising conflicts, the translator should abandonform, and reproduce the aesthetic feeling to strengthen its charisma and allure,achieve communicative effect. So advertising translation should adhere to theprinciple of dialectical unification of loyal and creative, organic combination ofequivalent and aesthetics (唐艳芳 2003:112-116)。

Some researchers argue that advertising communication task restricts the choiceof language. Advertising style brings out concise and implicit characteristics.

Creative advertising language and translation should show the characteristics in theaspects of words, grammar, and rhetoric and culture psychology. Perform goodstheme accurately, make the audience psychological resonance and have a buyingdesire (谢建平 2002:37-40)。

The doctrine is not opposed to each other. They were essentially complementedeach other and fusion of each other. If advertising translation cannot be promotional, it will not be adopted. David Ogilvy said that advertising is not a kind of art form. Hedidn't want to hear others praise his advertising how creative. He just hopes it canattract people to purchase goods (David Ogilvy 2003)。

Since the early 90s, discussion about advertising translation methods appearedin foreign language periodicals, such as Chinese Translation. Li Xiangde points outthat four words phrase translations from Chinese into English can adopt threemethods: Literal translation, free translation and rhetorical translation. Literaltranslation is a corresponding structure. Free translation makes a little ellipsis,supplemented or sequential adjustment with the original text. Rhetoric translationusing rhetoric methods to make advertising language more vivid and attractive toconsumers (李祥德 1990:13-16)。

Jiang Lei summed up that there are four ways of advertising translation. Theyare literal translation, liberal translation, modeling translation and translation. Literaltranslation refers to retain the original text characteristics from content to culture.

Free translation refers to keep content and abandon the translation form. Modelingtranslation directly uses ready-made advertising formulas which are corresponding tothe original form. Translation means in accordance with the target language habits,translate from the angle of view, the actual situation and image (蒋磊 1994:38-41)。

Yang Quan Hong's article in science and technology of China points out thatdue to the particularity of international advertising, the translation should be differentfrom the traditional translation. As the supplement of routine advertising translation,the author put forward interpretation translation, namely, in order to adapt to thedestination market, recreate in target language against its original shape.

Interpretation translation helps across barriers in worldwide advertising translation,and it is conducive to make full use of its advantages in language translation (杨全红2000:16-19)。

Meng Lin and Zhan Jinghui analyze the types of puns in advertising, namely,homophonic puns, semantic puns, grammatical puns and idioms or colloquialismspun. They put forward the five kinds of punning translation (孟琳、詹晶辉 2001:48-51)。

In advertising translation, trademark translation is an important part. In terms ofits principle, researchers are generally recognized that it should be concise and vividas. Brevity is intended to facilitate the recognition memory. Vividness is to keep the brand image, maintain consistency of the global image. Two points are decided bythe inherent requirement of trademark function. According to the principle ofaesthetics, Hu Kaibao and Chen Zai Quan point out that the trademark translationshould be having popular beauty, simple beauty, strange beauty, rhyme beauty andartistic conception. Making trademark translation has affinity, arouse consumersdream, enhance their desire (胡开宝、陈在权 2000:51-53)。

Li Kexing summarizes Hong Kong enterprise and brand name translationprinciples and methods, proposes that from the perspective of a large number ofestablished translation, translator pursues four principles: considering both of soundand meaning; transliteration; avoid using ordinary common words (because thetrademark translation takes ordinary vocabulary exacerbate Chinese phenomenon ofpolysemy, negative social communication); avoid cultural taboos.

Jiang Lei from the perspective of social pragmatics, in view of theChinese-English cultural differences caused by the pragmatic failures in trademarktranslation, Jiang Lei puts forward five pragmatic translation strategies: 1.Highlightthe expressive function of a trademark; Show the national culture and seize theassociative meaning; 3.Picked up the auspicious beg, cater to consumer psychology;4.Cut accurate market positioning and pursuit of new business concepts; 5.Payattention to the cultural empathy and conform to the aesthetic psychological (蒋磊2002:52-56)。 This paper is full of examples. Jiang emphasizes the importance ofbrand translation in the cross-cultural barriers.

3、参考文献

David Ogilvy,(2003),《奥格威谈广告》。北京:机械工业出版社。

Guidere, Mathieu. Translation Practices in International Advertising. TranslationJournal, 2001(5)Gutt, Ernst-August. (2001)。 Translation and Relevance-Cognition and Context.

Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Educaiton Press.

Hurbin, Pieerr. (1972)。 Peut-on traduire la Langue de la Publicé (Can One Translatethe Language of Advertisement)。 Babel: International Journal of Translation.

Leech, Geoffrey. (1974)。 Semantics. London: Longman Group.

Munday, Jeremy. (2001)。 Introducing Translation Studies. London and New York: Routledge.

Nord, Christine. (2001)。 Translating as a Purposeful Activity. Shanghai ForeignLanguage Educaiton Press.

Reiss, Katharina. (2005)。 Translation Criticism: The Potentials & Limitations.Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Educaiton Press.

Seguinot, Candace. (1995) Translation and Advertising: Going Global in CulturalFunctions of Translation. In Schaffner, C., Kelly-Holmes, H. (Eds.), CulturalFunctions of Translation. Multilingual Matters.

Smith, V. and C. Klein-Braley. (1997)。 Advertising: A five-stage strategy fortranslation. In C. Nord et al. (Eds), Translation as Intercultural Communication. Amsterdam: Benjamins.

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王贞霞,(2013),论广告英语的翻译技巧,《郑州航空工业管理学院学报(社会科学版)》,第 32 卷第 4 期,第 123-125 页。

谢建平,(2002),含蓄--广告语言创意及翻译中的特色标记,《中国科技翻译》,第 2 期,第 37-40 页。

杨全红,(2000),译者,绎也--试探国际广告的非常规翻译法,《中国科技翻译》,第 1 期,第 18-21 页。

张沉香,(2007),功能目的理论与应用翻译研究。长沙:湖南师范大学出版社。

赵静, (1993),广告英语。北京:外语教学与研究出版社。

4、论文提纲

Chapter One provides a brief background on the study. It introduces and explains the necessity of the study.

Chapter Two reviews relevant research related to advertising translation. Itintroduces the related research studies of advertising translation in China and west.

Chapter Three presents the theoretical framework which is the fundamentaltheoretical guidance of the thesis. It reviews the background and the development ofthe Skopos theory, and introduces three principles of the Skopos theory: the Skoposrule, the coherence rule and fidelity rule.

Chapter Four introduces gives a general introduction of advertising and majorlanguage features of English advertising.

Chapter Five expounds and proves the applicability of the Skopos theory toEnglish-Chinese advertising translation and explores specific translation strategies toEnglish-Chinese advertising translation under the guidance of the Skopos theory.

Chapter Six is conclusion of the entire thesis. Through the above analysis andresearch, this thesis concludes that on the basis of the Skopos theory,English-Chinese translation can be effectively guided. Meanwhile, the thesis alsopoints out the shortages of the study.

5、论文的理论依据、研究方法、研究内容

Skopos Theory

6、研究条件和可能存在的问题

there are some analyses or comments in the thesis which may not beprofound because of limitation of advertising knowledge and practical workingexperience in the advertising field. However, in the future, more efforts will be madeto probe into the topic of advertising translation.

7、预期的结果

Meanwhile, English advertising is different from other literary translation. English advertising has its particular purpose and unique rhetorical features. To makethe target readers or consumers feel the charm of the source text, and finally promotethe goal of sale, translator should use flexible translation according to the differentrhetoric characteristics.

8论文写作进度安排(略)

第三篇:硕士毕业论文开题报告范例

硕士毕业论文开题报告范例【一】  本课题的研究目的及意义  意义:音乐教学涉及一般教育学,心理学,社会学的问题,也是音乐学的一个重要部分,而对儿童音乐的启蒙教育更是其中的一个重要环节。促进儿童发展是儿童教育的任务,是确定教育目标、设计和组织教育活动首先要考虑的问题。音乐教育则要尽音乐艺术之所能,发挥音乐艺术教育之优势来促进儿童的发展。音乐艺术之所能,音乐教育之优势,都可从音乐艺术的特殊性中去探索,去挖掘。从事儿童音乐教育工作,既要把握儿童发展的规律和特点,又要熟悉音乐艺术的特殊性,把两者有机地结合起来,使儿童音乐教育能够切实有效地促进儿童发展。音乐教育可以陶冶学生的情操,增强学生欣赏和理解音乐的能力,从而促进学生音乐素质的提高。音乐的声音确不具有确定的含义,是非语义性的。但音乐能通过音调的变化表现出音乐的基本含义。音乐用声音来表达思想内容,是一种表情性的音响。我们知道音乐艺术的主要传播方式是声音,声音只为听觉接受,儿童只有通过聆听音乐,接触音乐,有了一幅音乐的耳朵,才能更好的欣赏音乐,理解音乐,表现音乐,创造音乐。  已了解的本课题国内外研究现状  年霍华德?加德纳提出了多元智能理论,把音乐作为人的八大智能之一。这一理论在美国和世界各地的教育家和教育工作者中受到广泛而热烈的欢迎。柯达伊?左尔坦终生追求的目标是 让音乐属于每个人 。这个教育目标的哲学思想基础是他对于音乐与人的全面发展的关系的理解。他认为音乐和人的生命本体有着密切关系,人的生命中不能没有音乐,没有音乐就没有完满的人生。音乐是人的心灵的表现,音乐满足人在精神上的需要,是每天生活的有机部分。 音乐是不能被其他东西所代替的精神食粮,得不到它的人只能生活在精神的贫血症中,没有音乐就没有健全的精神生活。 他认为,音乐是人类文化绝不可少的部分,对于一个缺少了音乐的人来讲,他的文化是不完善。他还认为,好的音乐教育不但能够极大地提高学生的音乐能力,而且能够促进学生其他学科的发展,促进儿童智力和情感的平衡、健康成长。这样培养出的儿童,精神生活是丰富的,不管他将来从事何种职业,都会成为一个比音乐上无知的人更有用的社会成员。音乐教育在学校的重要性,甚至超过音乐本身,培养音乐的听众就是在培养一个社会。近年来,在加德纳的 多元智能 理论的影响下,人们对个体差异的理解发生了变化,由过去认为的认知能力强弱差异,个性差异演化为认知结构、发展速度及心理特质的差异。要真正尊重幼儿的个体差异,发挥幼儿学习的主动性,就必须使学习内容、学习方法、学习进度等适合每一个幼儿身心发展特点与水平。  本课题的研究内容  研究内容:  ) 概述音乐教育与儿童发展  ) 研究当前小学音乐教育现状  ) 如何运用音乐教育促进儿童发展的对策、建议、途径和方法等  本课题研究的步骤、方法及进度安排  步骤:  )确定论文题目,写出报告,确定大概方法  )整理记录,研究出科学数据  )系统分析访谈记录与调研数据,写出调研报告  ) 得出结论,撰写论文  2015硕士毕业论文开题报告范文各类报告方法:实地调研,科学对比,记录分析,成果论文  研究的进度安排:  XX年1月 20XX年2月 编写发放问卷,进行访谈。  XX年2月 20XX年3月 整理、统计并分析问卷和访谈内容。  XX年3月 20XX年4月 撰写论文。对材料进行综合,最后成文,形成初稿。  XX年4月 交至导师对论文进行指导修改,最终定稿。  主要参考文献  [1] 郭声健.艺术教育[M].北京教育科学出版社,2015  [2] 郑品乐.音乐欣赏时教师如何 描述音乐 [J].中小学音乐教育,2015  [3] 郭声健.音乐教育论.湖南文艺出版社 [4] 张道一.艺术学研究[M].江苏美术出版社,1995 [5] 孔繁洲.音乐素质教育手册.中国文联出版社 [6] 刘沛.音乐教育的实践与理论研究.上海音乐出版社 [7] 彭吉象.艺术学概论[M].北京大学出版社,2015  [8] 杨立梅 李妲娜.走向未来的音乐教育[M].海南出版社,2015  [9] 洛秦.音乐中的文化与文化中的音乐.上海书画出版社,2015  [10] 斯托洛雏奇.生活、创作、人 艺术活动的功能[M].中国人民大学出版社,1993  [11]褚灏.养成 健全人格 ,造就 艺术的人生 [J].音乐研究,2015  指导教师意见:  签名:  2016年 XX月XX 日  硕士毕业论文开题报告范例【二】  童装设计海岛服设计  选题依据及研究意义  选题依据:  指导老师的研究项目,服装设计的开题报告怎么写  一般0-2岁的婴幼儿不可用大红大绿等刺激性强的色彩去伤害视觉神经;浅淡色不仅能避免染料对皮肤的毒害,还可衬托出婴幼儿清澈的双眸和粉嫩的皮肤。儿童在2~3岁可认识颜色,善于捕捉和凝视鲜亮的色彩。岁儿童可以认识4种以上的颜色,能从浑浊暗色中判别明度较大的色彩。~12岁是儿童德智体全面发展的关键时期,色彩的应用会直接影响到儿童的心理素质。  本次的设计是以童装色彩设计为重点,结合现代时尚以及相关元素的基本使用法则,进行具有时代特点的童装设计。  研究意义:  制作一系列童装,巩固专业知识,学会灵活运用专业所学。  选择好童装的色彩是做好童装销售的重要环节。  通过研究可以发现童装的色彩对于儿童的心里状态有很深的影响  通过此项研究来开发童装的色彩以适应儿童心里需求  文献综述(对已有相关代表性研究成果的综合介绍与评价)  《服装材料学》朱松文等编  这本书系统的介绍了服装用纤维原料、纱线、织物、皮革等各类服装材料的种类、结构和形态,以及它们的各种性能对服装的影响。同时他还介绍了服装的各种辅料的种类、性能和选用方法,国际服装新材料及其流行趋势,各类服装对材料的要求和选用方法。  《时装设计艺术》刘晓刚、许h著  是我在本次设计方面参考的书籍,这本书弥补了我在设计方面的不足,让我知道了设计的本质就是服务于社会,让自己所设计的服装能够最终穿在人们的身上。  《中国服装辅料大全》孔繁薏,姬生力主编  本书在内容上涵盖了服装辅料的各个种类,介绍了各辅料的品种、分类、规格、性能、工艺、品质标准,以及在服装上的运用。  研究内容(包括基本思路、框架、主要研究方式、方法等)  基本思路:  了解指导老师的研究项目,进行分析研究,在一定的基础上进行创新,拟订设计稿,确定要设计的题目。最后的制作,根据美观、舒适、实用的理念制作出一系列的童装,  框架:  确立设计的题目为 童装设计 后,从以下多方面来制作论述:  根据指导老师研究项目,并进行相关设计;  进行与设计主题相关的研究,并分析将要进行的设计的特点以及优势;根据儿童生理心里的特点,设计出儿童喜爱的童装;  具体设计的总体草图中,按照设计的要求,进行选择绘制一个系列(4套)效果图拟订设计稿和制作方案;  后期的制作和整理;  主要研究方式方法:  研究进程安排  月1日-3月19日:毕业实习;  月22日-4月2日:市场调研、分析;  月5日-4月9日:草图设计;  月12日-4月16日:效果图讲评与确认;  月19日-4月23日:纸样设计与制图;  月26日-5月21日:服装剪裁、服装加工、服饰设计;  月24日-6月18日:完成论文/报告书、服装;  月21日-6月25日:上交论文/报告书、毕业设计电子文件、答辩。  主要参阅文献  [1]《人类心灵的展示》杨治良主编湖南教育出版社2015-04-01第1版  [2]《每天懂一点色彩心理学》:(日)原田玲仁著;郭勇译陕西师范大学出版社2015-6-1第1版  [3]《面料与服装设计》朱远胜主编中国纺织出版社,2015年11月第1版  [4]《服饰心理学》华梅著中国纺织出版社2015年7月第1版  [5]《服装材料学》朱松文等编中国纺织出版社2015年2月第3版  [6]《中国服装辅料大全》孔繁薏,姬生力主编中国纺织出版社2015年3月第2版  [7]《时装设计艺术》刘晓刚、许h著东华大学出版社2015年9月第2版  [8]《品牌服装设计》刘晓刚著中国纺织大学出版社2015年6月第1版  [9]《纺织品设计的面料再造》王庆珍著西南师范大学出版社2015年2月第一版  主要网络:其它说明  指导教师是否同意开题  签名:  年月日  教研室教学负责人签署  签名:  2016年XX月XX日

第四篇:机械工程系毕业设计(论文)开题报告

课题:学生宿舍地源热泵供热系统设计

专题:总体设计

专 业:机械工程

班 别:机自041

学 号:1037

学生姓名:中国人才网

指导教师:CNrencai

完成时间: XX年3月31日

学生宿舍地源热泵供热系统设计

----总体设计

1、选题的依据及意义:

1.依据:

进入90年代后,我国的居住环境和工业生产环境都已广泛地应用热水供应装置,热水供应装置已成为现代学校居住必备。90年代中期,由于大中城市电力供应紧张,供电部门开始重视需求管理及削峰填谷,热泵供热技术提到了议事日程。近年来,由于能源结构的变化,促进了地源热泵供热机组的快速发展。

随着生产和科技的不断发展,人类对地源热泵供热技术也进行了1系列的改进,同时也在积极研究环保、节能的地源热泵供热产品和技术,现在利用成熟的电子技术来进行综合的控制,并和太阳能结合更注意能源的综合利用、节能、保护环境及趋向自然的舒适环境必然是今后发展的主题。

2.意义:

地源热泵技术,是利用地下的土壤、地表水、地下水温相对稳定的特性,,通过消耗电能,在冬天把低位热源中的热量转移到需要供热或加温的地方,在夏天还可以将室内的余热转移到低位热源中,达到降温或制冷的目的。地源热泵不需要人工的冷热源,可以取代锅炉或市政管网等传统的供暖方式和中央空调系统。冬季它代替锅炉从土壤、地下水或者地表水中取热,向建筑物供暖;夏季它可以代替普通空调向土壤、地下水或者地表水放热给建筑物制冷。同时,它还可供应生活用水,可谓1举3得,是1种有效地利用能源的方式。通常根据热泵的热源(heat source)和热汇(heat sink)(冷源)的不同,主要分成3类:

空气源热泵系统 ( air-source heat pump) ashp

水源热泵系统 (water- source heat pump) wshp

地源热泵系统 (ground- source heat pump)gshp

平时还有人把热泵系统按照1次和2次介质的不同,分别叫做:

空气---水热泵系统

水 --- 空气热泵系统

水 --- 水热泵系统

空气---空气热泵系统

这些都是把热源、热汇以及空调系统的传递介质也包括进来分类形成的。

为了和国际标准接轨,我们还是应该依照国际惯例来命名。在1997年由美国的ashrae(美国采暖、制冷与空调工程师学会)统1了标准术语,无论是wshp、gshp都叫做gshp--地源热泵系统。

另外,为了让我们在学习和讨论中更方便,介绍1些地源热泵室外能量交换系统的概念:

土壤埋管系统----土壤换热器(水平埋管、竖直埋管)

地下水系统

地表水系统

这些都是地源热泵的热源或热汇形式。(具体参见下图)

图。1。1土壤换热器(水平埋管)图

图。1。2土壤换热器(竖直埋管)图

图。1。3 地表水系统图

图。1。4 地下水系统图

2、国内外研究现状及发展趋势

毕业论文开题报告概念与格式硕士毕业论文的开题报告写作范例城市规划毕业论文开题报告范文博士论文选题及开题报告写作指南土地资源管理硕士论文开题报告范文

《语言学类硕士论文开题报告(大全).doc》
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