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第一篇：英文报告
专业定制各类报告，淘宝ID：华中秘书网
Introduction
Since the past several tens of years, it has witneed the prosperous period of industrial development in most countries in the world, bringing incalculable wealth and prosperity to human beings.However, with what it comes is unexpected ecological degradation.According to historical records in Millennium Ecosystem Aement, in 2005, nearly two-thirds of the world’s ecosystems were degraded and being used un-sustainably, leading to inestimable as well as irreversible damage.Therefore, currently humans are faced with a series of iues caused by ecosystems degradation, such as global warming, deforestation and desertification, acid rain, industrial accidents and toxic wastes and more, thus causing a series of social problems including the goals of eliminating poverty ,food safety iues, world economic collapse, the survival and continuous development of mankind, the negative effect caused by the consumption manners of people, resources competition among countries and more.In order to solve these problems, the idea of sustained development comes into being and has a profound influence on the society.Now we are going to usher in a new transition to sustainability is absolutely neceary, but what is sustainable development? And how to understand the content involved in sustainable development? IS it a supreme political iue?
The objective of this article is to discu whether sustainable development is a supreme political iue or not.Based on the basic concepts of sustainable development, the paper focus on different ideologies, values, ethics or discourses aociated with sustainable development and how to weigh up the the proposition above in terms of whether sustainable development is about values, choices and whether it is a political iue or not.At the end of the paper, it discues some solutions aociated with politics to boost the implementation of sustainable development.What is sustainable development?
1 专业定制各类报告，淘宝ID：华中秘书网
Sustainable development has been defined in many ways, but the most frequently quoted definition is from Our common Future(United Nations World commiion on Environment and Development(WCED),1987), also known as the Brundtland Report:”Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.It organizes its topic around the key factors of sustainable development to spread out, in particular suitable for those interdependent and multilateral nations in the search for a sustainable development path.Similarly, since early in 1972, the United Nations had held the Stockholm Conference focus on the spirit of Human Environment.And also that was the first time that environmental concerns had been brought into the formal political development sphere.Here is another commonly accepted definition is “Sustainability and sustainable development itself are about collective values and related choices, and are therefore a political iue, almost certainly the supreme political iue of our century”(Prugh & Aadourian, 2003: 11).It also considers the values, choices and the politics embedded in these different explanations of sustainable development.Additionally, there exist some other similar definitions but focus is different.Emphasizing inter-generational equity “Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs”(United Nations World commiion on Environment and Development, 1987).Deriving from this concept, a commonly accepted explanation is that development must be sustainable in social, economy and environment and cannot be short of one in the three.It is neceary for us to find ways to achieve the inter-generational equity under the threshold of sustainable development.2 专业定制各类报告，淘宝ID：华中秘书网
Therefore, we should emphasize firmly the inter-generational equity in meeting eentials and improving the standards of living,but while minimizing the utilization of resources and the generation of wastes and pollutants over the full life cycle of products.Reduction, reuse and recycling of resources in both production and consumption procees are the core part of circular economy.Emphasizing social justice and limits to growth Herman Daly suggested that sustainable development is “development without growth beyond the environmental carrying capacity, where development means qualitative improvement and growth means quantitative increase”(Daly, Introductory chapter, 1999).He called for an approach to sustainability that “strives for sufficient per capita wealth – efficiently maintained and allocated and equitably distributed – for the maximum number of people that can be sustained under these conditions.”(Daly, On Wilfred Beckerman's Critique of Sustainable Development, 1995)To some degree, sustainable development must also be socially just.Apart from keep ecosystem resilience and stability, conditions of social justice may include: 1)not compromising future generations’ capability to meet their needs;2)the rights of poor countries and poor people to get rid of poverty and the obligations of rich countries and rich people to alter their immoderate consumption levels;3)equal treatment of women in acce to opportunities and jobs.In addition, iues of good governance and democracy are also vital to aure social justice and equity.Emphasizing science: Still some others hold that sustainable development is not just a supreme political iue.According to them, science seems to be more important on the road of sustainable development(Boulding, 1966).Despite of all the technological and scientific triumphs of the current century, the gap between poor and wealthy is largest in history, and the number of poor is continuously increasing.Additionally, there exist a lot of serious iues related to the human survival and sustainable development.Therefore,it may be more important than ever for scientists to keep the doors of their laboratories to economic,social, political and ideological fields, because most of the challenges we are facing in the pursuit of sustainable development rooted rely on technology and science.If there is no a perfect balance between the most up-to date scientific data information and committed political leadership, it could never have been achieved.But on my opinion, the role of the science is magnified to some extent.I admit that science is very crucial to sustainable development, but it cannot cover as many as aspects just as politics, so generally speaking,I agree that sustainable development is a political iue.3
