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第一篇：山东孔庙英文导游词
山东孔庙英文导游词
孔庙是我国历代封建王朝祭祀春秋时期思想家、政治家、教育家孔子的庙宇 。以下是小编带来的山东孔庙英文导游词，希望对你有帮助。
Respect fellow guests:
Hello! I travel, the reception department's request, visits the tour to presence famous city Qufu fellow welcome guests to express warmly welcome. I fortunately accompany the visit for everybody tourguide, is extremely happy, this is we enjoys the study together the good opportunity. After looked please leave behind the valued suggestion.
First, briefly introduces Qufu to everybody the history, the cultural relic survey.
Historical city Qufu was our country ancient times the great thinker, the educationalist, the statesman, the literature entire manages family affairs, sage of Kong Zi's the world hometown, Mencius's native place, Chinese nation's first ancestor shaft Yellow Emperor's birth place, the capital, discussed the Yin native country, the Lu country capital. Three emperors five emperors have four to live the practical training in here, some more than 5,000 years history. Underground has the rich buried treasure, on has the multitudinous cultural relic. Existing cultural relic 112, including the United Nations to protect the unit, world culture inheritance 3, national protection 4, provincial level 12, other for place city level protection.
Heavy center seriously has "a three two temples mausoleum", "a three mountains two forests temple". The Confucian temple, Confucian Residence, Konglin, the popular name "three", have the sacrificial offering China Yuan saint Duke of Zhou's temple, has sacrificial offering Kong Zi first big disciple duplicate saint Yan Hui the temple, the popular name "two temples"; "A mausoleum" is Yellow Emperor is born - - the long-lived earthen mound few mausoleums; "Three mountains"; The Kong Zi place of birth Nepal mountain, Chinese grave group Jiulongshan, small Taishan - - nine (call nine mountains). Two forests are: The world educates the child best mother forest, the Kong Zi parents buries Liang Gonglin; "A temple" is Li Bai, Du Fu writes poetry, responds, bidding good-bye place, famous writer hole still no matter what national botanical garden "Shimen temple".
We now look at the Confucian temple.
Confucian temple, also called to the Confucian temple, is sacrificial offering Kong Zi and its Madame Qi Guanshi and 72 talented people's place. The Confucian temple with Beijing's Imperial Palace, the Hebei Chende city summer vacation mountain village and calls Chinese three big ancient architectural complexes. The expert delivered four speeches to the Confucian temple: The construction time most remote, greatest, the preservation most complete, the Eastern construction characteristic is most prominent. Is worthy of looking at two questions from the Confucian temple: One is Kong Zi to Chinese and even the Eastern culture tremendous contribution; Two is China has the skilled craftsman in the history.
The Confucian temple beginning constructs in 478 B.C., the second year which Kong Zi died constructs the temple. Constructs temple three in the Kong Zi former dwelling, exhibits Kong Zi's clothes, the vehicle, the book and so on, "when year old offers sacrifices". All previous dynasties emperor all has the extension to the Confucian temple, counts overhaul 15, center repairs 31 times, the minor repair several hundred time achieves present the scale. The Confucian temple imitates system of the imperial palace construction, divides three groups layouts, nine courtyards, have altogether had house 466, gate pavilion 54, the thing relatively pass through in an axle wire, has nearly thousand, 327.5 Chinese acres, long amounts to two Chinese miles 150 meters. Now saw the Confucian temple is the bright Hongzhi year scale. After the liberation the country allocates funds to service the protection many times. Our country first batch announcement nation key cultural relic preservation organ, in December, 1994 included the world culture inheritance, becomes cultural relic unit which the United Nations protected, Confucian temple construction time remote, scale great, integrity of the preserved really was the world to be rare.
Shinto. "Wan Rengong wall" front copal vigorous this Duan Luwei "Shinto". In front of the important temple all has the respect quick road which specially opens, is called "Shinto".
Wan Rengong wall. This gate is Qufu Ming Chengzheng the Nanmen, also is the Confucian temple together gate, on hangs "Wan Rengong the wall" four large brush-written Chinese characters, is the clear Emperor Qian Long's imperial brush. It originates from the Kong Zi self-satisfied disciple child tribute. When Lu country congress feudal lord, some people proposed child tribute knowledge broad and profound, may place on a par with Kong Zi, the sub- tribute in the field, stands up immediately said, I may not dare with my Mr./Mrs. Kong Zi compared to, human's knowledge is just like a wall, my this wall only has one high, my teacher's wall has the number to be many. Meant that, my knowledge was equal to a shoulder chief is high, clear not any abstruse; Kong Zi's knowledge has my several fold to be many, passes through the detailed research, the comprehensive discussion, can understand he complete after, crossed the threshold, can see America of the ancestor temple, outside the gate you is blind. The posterity in order to describe Kong Zi's knowledge profound, wall of number from the master , "hundred ", "thousand " seals Kong Zi to the Ming Dynasty emperor is "the world civil official host, all previous dynasties king teacher", seals the Kong Zi knowledge to have "ten thousand ", extols the Kong Zi knowledge to have 10,000 eight feet, upward looked, blind goes against, also said this wall deep wall high rampart is extremely firm. These four characters originally write for the bright imperial envoy, Qian Long for expressed he Kong Zi the value, kissed the book "Wan Rengong the wall" to exchange his imperial brush.
Jin Shengyu inspires the work place. This work place constructs at the Ming Dynasty, is expresses the Kong Zi knowledge exquisite and perfect, is similar to entire process which plays music, the integrity is from beginning to end complete. The ancient music is by strikes a gong the start, the clock gets up "beginning orderliness also", is strikes Qing to come to an end, "the jade inspires" the sound which falls for Qing, was called "end orderliness also", praises Kong Zi's knowledge is the collection first accomplishing of the virtuous sages, therefore called "Jin Shenger the jade inspires also", "the golden sound" the clock sound, the beginning, "the jade inspires" Qing's sound, the end. This also is the management wants "to finish what one starts" the idiom origin. "Jin Shengyu inspires" is the Ming Dynasty storytelling legalist school Hu Zuanzong the topic decides.
"Two cypress take on". Crosses the jade to inspire work place this stone arch bridge, the thing respectively has a copal, therefore the person "two cypress take on". This bridge said that, "泮 the water bridge" the basin water is interlinked with the temporary palace nearby, because the historical novel is "hopes the water". In the past read book of the Confucius and Mencius, tested the institute of higher education to call "to enter hopes", served as an official hopes rises high, made business to hope gets rich, crossed the day to hope prosperously.
Discontinues the tablet. Outside the temple wall the thing respectively sets up a stele, in 1191 specially vertical discontinued the tablet, got down the tablet. The west tablet early destroys, east side on this tablet writes "the official person to discontinue and so on to this". Under in the past the civil and military officials, the common people common people henceforth passed by discontinue on foot but the line, shows to Kong Zi, the Confucian temple respect.
Lattice star gate. The Ming Dynasty constructs, in 1754 repaired, by wooden changed the iron stone. "The lattice star gate" is the Qian Long imperial brush. Hands down the space galaxy "to have the twenty-eight lunar mansions", among, has to govern cultural the star to be called "the lattice star", the other name "Star ", "the day inspires the star", contacts with Kong Zi and the space tube culture star, Shuowen melts the aspect he is highest, if the past offered sacrifice to heaven, needed first to offer a sacrifice to "Star ", had reveres Kong Ruzun the day the view.
Too with vitality work place. This work place was the Ming Dynasty in 1544 constructs, extremely approved Kong Zi's thought, advocated was similar to "the outer space universe to be able to nurture the myriad things. Gathering of the world, gathering of the four directions, gathering of the masculine and feminine elements ", the name" too and "the gas is the most basic thing, the universe too and, vitality of the world. "Too with the vitality" was the Shandong governor once the mill handwritten letter.
To Confucian temple work place. The Ming Dynasty constructs "to the Confucian temple work place", is the white marble, on plays the part of the flame no. 3 gunpowder tea.
German world, Daoist monk's cap ancient and modern. This Daoist temple thing respectively constructs a very unusual memorial arch to the lining, the wooden angle surrounds, thousand first ten thousand continues, gets down has eight , is called "day Long Shenshi", hands down its dignified inspiration, may drive out evilly, is just. East side the memorial arch submits a written statement: "The German world", said Kong Zi's thought advocated is similar to profoundly for humanity's advantage, the merit can compare with the world. The west memorial arch submits a written statement "the Daoist monk's cap ancient and modern", approves the Kong Zi thought, the means ancient and modern all is the unparalleled crown.
When saint gate. Three compound, four circuit intendant all same, central . This naming originates from Mencius, to the ancient times four sages , under Iraqi Yin, the willow tree favored, Kong Zi, Mencius four sages' saint mark inductions is four speeches: clear saint also, Iraqi Yin saint no matter what also, under the willow tree favors sum of the saint also, when Kong Zi saint. "When saint" extremely approves the Kong Zi thought to advocate prolonged does not fade, is sage which suits the time. Emperor comes Qufu "to kowtow the big ritual" towards Kong Yaoxing, walks when the saint gate; All previous dynasties "spread out the saint male" when the birth opens "when the saint the gate", besides these two kind of situations, this not easily opens. All walks the quick G gate, the supine wealthy and prominent family.
The quick G gate, takes considers it a pleasure to be among the first to read meaning. Kong Zi's knowledge "the Five Classics four books", who first studies who first to have the culture, who first studies who first to have the knowledge, struggles the study, to first reads as by the foresight joyfully.
Supine wealthy and prominent family. Praises a Kong Zi's section of speeches naming according to Yan Hui. Yan Hui said that, road of the master, supine makes up high, drills it to make up firmly. Upwardly approves the Kong Zi knowledge blind to go against, calls "to make up high", studies the writings in classical style to be very difficult, calls "to make up firmly", is high is not unattainable, is definitely may learn after the endeavor. Yan Hui said "master however, friendly are attractive, is abundant I by the article, said me by the ritual." My teacher teaches with skill and patience, teaches me by the culture, executes me by the courtesy.
Chinese . In the supine wealthy and prominent family in the alcove has two historical values very high Chinese , is "the pavilion is long", (the Han Dynasty place waiter), dying of the government office gate, all is in front of Lu Wangmu guards. is taken by all previous dynasties inscription on stone tablet and bronze scientist, to studies the Han Dynasty clothing and the writing has the important value.
Liquid gold bridge, this bridge, with Imperial Palace's in front of bridge of the same name, calls the liquid gold bridge, also is called the blue water bridge, three arrangements, the green water ripples.
Great road gate. Crosses the liquid gold bridge is the Ming Dynasty emperor ordered by the emperor personally "the great road gate", takes "Confucian analects" center "the person to be able greatly to say, non- road great person" meaning. Kong Zi is an ordinary writer, why becomes the sage? Approved Kong Zi to summarize first the virtuous sages' experience, especially has brought honor to the Yao and Shun soup, road of the civil and military Duke of Zhou. "The person can greatly say that, said the person can direct creates all, the non- road great person, certainly is not all direction people, this is praises person's subjective initiative." The great road hanger-on had two steles, the east side four tablets is "the Qufu all previous dynasties evolution will" has recorded the Qufu evolution vicissitude history, a Yuan generation of institute stood, the historical data value was very high, the west was "scholar out of government employment gentleman the inscription", had the very high calligraphy value.
Major and medium gate. The major and medium gate is the Song Dynasty Confucian temple front door, was called "center and the gate", Italy for uses Kong Zi's thought processing question all to be possible to be easily solved. The the Ming Dynasty extension temple renames "the major and medium gate", approves Kong Zi's knowledge is accomplishing of the collection humanity knowledge, center, takes "the doctrine of the mean" meaning, "center correct path of the world, theorem of the commonplace world", center the agonic, is commonplace is not easy. Leaves, is not the correct path, has become the evil road, the crooked gate. Is said is not left is not right, the fair correct path, to front is a doctrine of the mean. Major and medium gate thing two have watchtower two is guards the Confucian temple to use.
Same text gate, four big name brands, Confucian temple chart. Enters in the major and medium gate about to have four big tablets. The west bright Hongzhi tablet, says three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues ethics. Right flank the Hongzhi tablet has the the Ming Dynasty talented person Hunan Changsha Li Dongyang to draw up "the Confucian temple chart" the value to be very high.
The Cheng Hua tablet, is the Ming Dynasty Cheng Hua Emperor Zhu Jianshen stands. Some two situations bring to all previous dynasties everybody celebrity's attention. One is the Cheng Hua tablet character writes, the standardization, the standardization well, exquisitely makes the person, the typeface writing technique to have "is world-famous" the evaluation; Two, appraises to Kong Zi high, all previous dynasties emperor all has the comment to Kong Zi, appraises high is Emperor Cheng Hua, he Kong Zi's thought, the means compares with eats meal, puts on the clothes, spends, one day also could not leave, had Kong Zi's truth and the means, could enable each person to develop his talents, thing it used, its strength, otherwise messed up. Said has road of the Kong Zi to have the world, road of the Kong Zi has not had the world, road of the counter- Kong Zi loses the world. If the inscribed text stated that, "Road of the my only Kong Zi, the world on first cannot not have , has road of the Kong Zi then the three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues but ethics is just bright, the myriad things take their proper place.. Road of the Kong Zi in the world like cloth , the livelihood of the people daily expense cannot be left vacant for the time being.. Inborn Kong Zi vertical is the saint, lives in the peaceful good justice and humanity, the teacher road emerges, from swims 3000, is continues."
Same text gate. Takes "the person concentriily" meaning of the character same text. Is says works with concerted efforts, unites as one the only then competent good deed industry; The writing must unify, has the unification the writing to be able to record the historical dissemination experience, makes the character to be able at will to mess up. The same text gate is the Kuiwen Geqian important barrier.
The Kui article Chinese style pavilion, originally is a library, is the collection books place. Constructed to Song Tianxi two years (in 1018), Jin Zhangzong repaired when changed "the Kui article Chinese style pavilion". This unique grand construction, completely is the lignin structure, calls the orphaned example in the Chinese building construction. After several earthquakes, the Kui article Chinese style pavilion has not shaken destroys. The clear Kanghsi 5 years earthquake "ten houses but actually have nine, saving has one, the Kui article Chinese style pavilion is gorgeously motionless". The the Ming Dynasty board of personnel Shangshu Li Dongyang has specially written "Kuiwen Gefu", approves Kuiwen Ge the construction research value. Is under the porch eastern end this tablet.
In front of the pavilion this thing two courtyards stated that, "The room sleeps", is place which the sacrificial offering personnel fasts, to bathe. East the courtyard is spreads out the saint male room to sleep the institute, clear Kanghsi, Qian Long offers a sacrifice to when the hole all sleeps in the east room washes the hands and face. West the courtyard is from offers a sacrifice to personnel's room to sleep. Kong Zi 71 generation of Sun Kongzhao fumigates the temple in Song, Yuan, is bright, the clear five dynasty does obeisance the Confucian temple tablet more than 130 centralisms to mount in the courtyard wall, therefore west the room sleeps calls the tablet courtyard.
13 tablets pavilions. This is the Confucian temple sixth enters the courtyard, in the pavilion stands has 55 tablets, is Tang, Song, the gold, Yuan, bright, clear and so on the dynasty stands, its content all is emperor, the imperial envoy does obeisance the hole, to Kong Zi , the appraisal, successively repairs the Confucian temple the record, has the Chinese, is full, Mongolia, eight thinks writing and so on Pakistan article. South north eights five, therefore calls 13 tablets pavilions, because all is authorizes the vertical tablet by emperor, therefore calls the imperial tablet pavilion. East gets up the front row third, 62 alcoves is the Jin Dynasty constructs, is construction which our country extant cannot be seen. Every is seeks with P the edict reason all calls "the imperial tablet". "P pen Qiang is auspicious, fable Dragon King has nine, it is 8th, it loves" the article ", is good at carrying a heavy load, the stele has the writing but heavily to suit its characteristic, the image should for the main item, the turtle body, the hawk leg, the snake tail.
North east gets up this third alcove is Emperor Kanghsi the vertical tablet. The Beijing Xishan picks the stone passes through Grand Canal, south the economy transports here. The expert calculates this tablet 130,000 catty heavy, along the way sprinkled the hydrogel from Jining, slid on the ice, sometimes one day only walked lies place of the cow. The Qufu book has the stone not to use, must ship in from Beijing, shows emperor to Kong Zi the value. Southeast this courtyard, west Namhkok has a piece all is nobles and ministers repairs the temple, does obeisance the hole the record, the calligraphy value is very high.
This courtyard thing respectively has to the lining, east is "the Yu essence gate", west is "the view Germany gate". Is named , the Xihua gate.
The Confucian temple divides into three groups layouts by here, this five, center are together "accomplishes the gate", left side is "the gold 声门", right side is "the jade inspires the gate", again is "opens Confucianism" toward the west, again is "receives Confucianism" toward the east. Accomplishes the gate the construction structure is , manipulates strategically". Middle inserts is "cancels the heart", about four jiao points look carefully go against are "fight the angle". Accomplishes the gate three characters is Emperor Yong Zheng's imperial brush. Approves Kong Zi is the collection sages first virtuous accomplishing, has achieved the supreme boundary.
My deceased teacher plants personally the Chinese juniper. Accomplishes in the gate left side this tall and straight vigorous Chinese juniper tree, is Confucius plants personally. According to record: Kong Zi cut three Chinese junipers trees in here, Jin Zhenyou two years (in 1214) has destroyed to the warfare, the tree is dry and also sends new, once "three dry three glory", had "the Chinese juniper tree date cyclopentadiene Kong date was popular" the view. During bright ten thousand all previous years talented person Yang Guang taught the topic to write "my deceased teacher to plant personally the Chinese juniper" five large brush-written Chinese characters.
Two corridors. During these two sides coordinated two row of houses, altogether 80, were called "the thing ", consecrates 72 talented people's places. Kong Zi is known as disciple 3000, the body passes 72 people which the six arts skilleds with both the pen and sword, consecrates in the thing . All previous dynasties kings all have seal match enjoy virtuously first. If Dong Zhongshu, Han Yu, Wang Ming are positive, Zhuge Liang, the invader, Yue Fei and so on. Has sealed to to 156. Last first virtuous is Mr. Liang Qichao. The original cast, the memorial tablet, latter all changes the wooden memorial tablet. The thing present exhibited is the collection Song Dynasty before center expensive carved stone. Duke of Zhou trains one's son, the bat practices medicine and so on, the most precious national treasure has Chinese Wei to face stele carving 22 especially high, the calligraphy value "the sacrificial vessel tablet", "the second grade beautiful jade tablet", "Shi Chenbei", Zhang Menglong the tablet ", Mi Fubei" and so on all is the rare valuable thing. West 庑 exhibited more than 100 blocks "the Chinese to draw the carved stone", all was for a long time has the great reputation the artistic valuable thing, was studies the Chinese, Wei and so on the history social life rare precious material. East northmost part is exhibiting 584 carved stone, is jade rainbow Lou Fatie which Kong Zi 69 generation of Sun Kongji writes.
Place where Confucius lectured. This is for commemorates Kong Zi to lecture constructs. Kong Zi initially was under the big apricot tree lectures in the local station for the disciples. When Song Dynasty in 1018, the Kong Zi 45 generation of passageways auxiliary edited the Confucian temple, after moved the extension the main hall, constructed the pavilion in the main hall former site, the link plants by the apricot, the name says "the place where Confucius lectured". The place where Confucius lectured two characters, are the Jin Dynasty famous writer party bosom England seal scripts. In the pavilion has Emperor Qian Long the imperial brush "the place where Confucius lectured to approve", this is he first time comes Qufu to write. Qian Long writes the plaque, the antithetical couplet, the scroll which writes and so on in Qufu has 50 place.
Accomplishes the palace. This is the Confucian temple , it with Beijing's Imperial Palace too with palace, the Tai'an day palace and calls the East three big constructions, also calls the East three main halls. What the value high history is long accomplishes the palace. Palace height 24.8 meters, extravagant 45.7 meters, deep 24.89 meters. Four has 28 the dragon column which carves with the entire stone, the exquisite workmanship, the attainments is very deep. Especially the palace 10 deep reliefs roll the dragon column actually world rarely, 10 pillars 20 dragons, about to fly in circles, the ascension coils around a play bead, the manner respectively differently, does not have one identically, more looked more has moves Italy, on the stone is vividly lifelike. This is the Huizhou artisan's masterpiece. Emperor comes when Qufu faces the hole, Kong Jia all use Huang Lingba long Zhuguo to get up, does not let emperor directly see the dragon column, because has surpassed the throne room, feared emperor is not happy, performs to blame. Other 18 columns are the bas-relief dragon column, surface engraves nine dragons, each pillar eight , 8,972 dragons total carve 1,296 dragons. This is the rare carved stone art treasure. Always looks at accomplishes the palace grand magnificent sight.
Five saints 12 sages. Accomplishes in the palace to consecrate 17 pictures.
Five big sages. Highest sage Kong Zi, Italy is in sage's sage, supreme. Confucius in central, the head wears 12 crowns, wears 12 chapter of kings to take, grasps shakes the jade tablet, dignified is solemn and respectful, causes the person to have profound respect for. Two sides are four match: East side is the duplicate saint face, states the saint to think; The west is ancestor saint Tsengtzu, Mencius. Eastern end six, western end six, called 12 sages, have the child tribute, the sub- road, Ran Qiu and so on 11 Kong Zi's disciple, some is Song Dynasty Zhu Xi, renowned Five Classics four books explanations good, is sealed as the sage. "The people has not had" the plaque, is Mencius approves Kong Zi, said "the people has not had abundantly to Kong Zi also". Since has had the humanity, but also does not have comprehensively to surpass Kong Zi the person, therefore calls "the people not to have". "The model for all generations" will be the Kanghsi topic writes, seals Kong Zi is "teacher of Emperor the Wan Shi, table of the eternity humanity, emperor's teacher, will make person's model." "Refined is Guang Xu writes in this", Italy for world culture all in here.
Bedroom palace. Consecrates the Kong Zi Madame Qi Guanshi special palace. Is the Confucian temple third big construction. Qi Guanshi the song person (Henan business earthen mound), 19 years old marry Kong Zi, latter gives birth to a boy the hole carp , early the Kong Zi 7 years died, are sealed "highest sage my deceased teacher madame", equally enjoy the sacrificial offering with Kong Zi. Around the bedroom palace on 28 stone columns carves the phoenix, each pillar engraves phoenix 72, is same with the dragon quantity, calls Longfeng to be a good omen.
Saint mark palace. Has recorded Kong Zi's fact by the carved stone picture-and-story book form. Some 120 Wen Tu and the cyclopentadiene carved stone, is the Kong Zi descendant with the the Ming Dynasty governor censor what light management construction. Carves by the Wu county famous picture labor chapter of grass drawing, inlays on the palace inner wall. Is integrity picture-and-story book which the our country first person, the article concurrently has. Has the very high history and the artistic value. The palace frontage "the model for all generations" is the Kanghsi imperial brush, center Kong Zi big Si Guanxiang is the Tang Dynasty big painter Wu line picture. The palace eastern end is Kanghsi faces the hole the imperial tablet, the western end has the Jin synonym painter to attend to picture of the Joy Kong Zi line to teach the picture, the custom called "master 小影" most approach Kong Zi's appearance characteristic. Also has Song Dynasty everybody Mi Fu to approve Kong Zi's small seal script: "Kong Zi Kong Zi big ah Kong Zi, sub- before will already not have Kong Zi, Kong Zi later does not have Kong Zi, Kong Zi Kong Zi big ah Kong Zi". Explicit saying, Kong Zi is great! Unequalled,
The Confucian temple west road is the sacrifice Kong Zi parents' place. His/her father Uncle Liang 纥, mother Yan Zheng in, emperor seals for opens saint Madame Wang Heqi saint Wang, constructs has opens construction and so on saint Wang Dian, bedroom palace, gold thread hall.
The Confucian temple east road, around two parts, the front courtyard is the Kong Zi former dwelling, has "Kong Zhaigu the well", Kong Zi nine generation of Sun Kongfu book collection place "the Lu wall", now saw the Confucian classics, sets up the first-class honor should is "the Lu wall". For commemorated Kong Zi to educate its sub- studies has constructed "the poem assembly hall", Kong Zi said "study the poem did not have by the word, the character ritual did not have stands", Italy could not speak for study the poem, study the ritual did not understand how set up the body matter. In the poem assembly hall has renowned sculptor Mr. Shi Ke to make by cutting imitates the Chinese to draw the carved stone "the saint mark chart". The rear court is honors the saint ancestral hall, five generation of ancestral halls, on sacrificial offering Kong Zi five generation of ancestors' ancestral temples.
Fellow gentlemen, the Confucian temple resembles historical, the knowledge school, because the time is limited, we only looked mainly, I am the distress must introduce. Kong Zi is the sage, also is the great traveling, travels around the row country for 14 years, propagandizes him to practice moral culture, Qi Jia, rules a nation the even world knowledge, has collected the precious material. The concerned sage's vestige are very many, is worth as soon as looking very much. We are together the time although to be short, but the friendship exists forever, hoped each position has the opportunity to come Qufu to go sightseeing again, we certainly serve well.
The Confucian temple saw here, thanks everybody the cooperation, welcome you again.
第二篇：北京孔庙英文导游词
尊敬的游客朋友，女士们，先生们，
你们好!欢迎各位来到孔子的家乡曲阜参观游览，同时也感谢您选取我作为您此次游览的向导。我是曲阜旅行社的导游员张某，大家能够叫我小张或者张导。孔子有句名言：“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。”下方就让我怀着结识新朋友的欣喜情绪，为大家带给导游服务。
孔庙是祭祀孔子的礼制庙宇。孔子是我国春秋末期著名的思想家、教育家，被尊为儒家学派的创始人。据记载，孔子生而首上圩顶，似尼丘山之形，故因名丘，字仲尼。
孔子在一生艰辛探索的社会实践中，深入了解和认识了当时社会，逐步创立了儒家思想的基本体系，成为当时著名的政治理论家、教育家、思想家。他创立的儒学思想在中国乃至世界历史上都有着很大的影响。孔子死后第二年(公元前478年)，鲁哀公将孔子生前所居之堂改做“寿堂”，房屋三间，里面陈列着孔子使用过的“衣、冠、琴、车、书”，“因以为庙，岁时奉祀”，即每年按时祭祀。尽管当时孔子已是相当知名的学术大师，但儒家还只是一个学派，孔子的地位不高，所以最初的孔庙也仅仅是孔子的故居。汉代以后，孔子及儒学地位逐渐提高。
据记载，从公元220xx年到解放前，孔庙先后重修扩建七十多次：历经两千余年的历代重修扩充，便得曲阜孔庙构成了规模宏大的古代建筑群。共占地约14万平方米，殿堂阁庑466间，门坊54座，碑亭17座。规模之大，与北京故宫、承德避暑山庄并称为全国三大古建筑群。
孔庙的总体布局是由孔子当年的故居长期发展而来的，至今已有二千四百余年的历史。孔庙建筑发展追求的建筑效果是透过建筑群整体所造成的环境去烘托孔子的丰功伟绩和儒学圣教的高深博大来完成的。因此，孔庙建筑的艺术表现力首先是它的总体布局及建筑序列的完整性;其次是它的个体建筑的处理及每道院落的格局，每个殿、堂、楼、门、亭都充分显示出了各自的重要作用;第三是个体建筑的细微方面，充分体现了我国古代建筑家们在设计和施工方面的无与伦比的建筑艺术成就。
在整体建筑方面，孔庙采用古代传统的宫庭式建筑形式。但它经过历史上的多次重修扩建，每当重修扩建的时候，它必然要受到前代孔庙建筑形制、规模等因素限制，然而，孔庙的建筑群体最终成功地利用了先代遗产，既体现了历史遗产的延续，又持续了它的总体的完整性。
这种独特的建筑形制是由多种因素促成的。首先，孔庙是孔子故宅扩建而成的，它保存了许多有关孔子的古迹，如故宅井、诗礼堂、鲁壁、金丝堂以及为纪念孔子讲学建造的杏坛等;其次是王者宗庙因素，如门戟之制，前殿后寝之制等;第三是宫庭因素，如天子五门之制，王城角楼之制，东、西华门等;第四是宗族家庙因素，如启圣殿、崇圣祠、家庙等;第五是祭祀因素，在孔庙被祭祀者除孔子、四配、十二哲外，还有先贤先儒、祖先等总数达二百余人，这样为容纳大批的从祀者神位，就须得设立廊庑，由此便构成了廊庑院落。
除以上几个因素外，还突出地表现了孔子的圣人地位及孔孟之道的神圣性，如泮池、璧水、牌坊等，并以书楼象征孔子在学术方面的伟大成就。孔庙成功地运用了传统的庭院组合与环境烘托相结合的表现手法，到达了渲染孔子在学术上、教育上的卓越贡献和在古代社会中崇高地位的目的，是中国古代建筑群中别具一格的建筑形制。
孔庙内现有古树一千二百余棵，与宏伟的建筑群相互辉映，个性是夏季，上千只鹭鸟居住在古木之上，构成了孔庙又一独特的景观，鹭鸟已被曲阜市定为市鸟。
万仞宫墙
“万仞宫墙”原名仰圣门，是明代曲阜城的正南门。明武宗正德七年(公元1520xx年)，孔庙为刘六、刘七领导的农民起义军所毁，正德皇帝下令建城卫庙、于是以孔庙、孔府为中心修筑了明曲阜城墙，明世宗嘉靖元年(公元1520xx年)竣工。在与孔庙正南门相对处设立城正南门。因正南门为孔庙而设，所以应视正南门与孔庙为一体。明代学者胡缵宗为表达对孔子的尊敬和赞扬，亲书“万仞宫墙”石额镶于门上，其意出自《论语》子贡语。鲁大夫叔孙武叔以前对大夫们说：“子贡的学问很深，比孔子还要强些。”子贡听说后就给叔孙武叔说：“人的学问好比宫墙，我的这道墙不足肩头高，别人很容易看到里面有多少东西，我老师这道墙有好几仞高(仞：丈量单位，一仞约等于八尺)，别人是看不到里面的东西的，只有找到门，走进去，才能看到这墙内雄伟的建筑，可找到门的人太少了!”胡缵宗认为数仞宫墙仍不能表达他对孔子的赞扬，于是将其改为“万仞宫墙”。到了清代，乾隆皇帝到曲阜来，为了显示他对孔子的敬仰，把胡缵宗书写的石额换下，自我亲笔书写了同样四个字镶于城门。此刻看到的“万仞宫墙”石额，即乾隆皇帝的御笔题写。
金声玉振坊
金声玉振坊建于明代嘉靖十七年(公元1538年)，“金声玉振”四字为明代学者胡缵宗手迹，坊上有平面浅雕云龙戏珠，柱顶各设圆雕“辟邪”一只，俗称“朝天吼”，坊后有一座单孔石桥，上设龙陛，名曰“泮水桥”，桥下泮水原上游接古泮池，下游流经明城正南门西水门入护城河。此桥建于清康熙十六年(公元1677年)。
“金声玉振”四字出自《孟子·万章下》，孟子说：“孔子之谓集大成。集大成也者，金声而玉振之也。金声也者，始条理也，玉振之也者，终条理也。”意思是说孔子集圣贤之大成，始终而一。“金声”原意是指我国古代乐器“钟”发出的声音，“玉振”原意是指我国古代乐器“磬”发出的声音，在古代奏乐时以击“钟”为始，击“磬”为终，金声玉振的原意为一首完善的乐曲。孟子将孔子思想比喻为一首完美无缺的乐曲，在那里借用孟子语意，是说孔子思想完美无缺，集古圣贤之大成，以到达绝顶的意思。
棂星门
棂星门建于明代永乐十三年(公元1420xx年)，原为木质结构，清代乾隆十九年(公元1754年)，衍圣公孔昭焕重修孔庙时，换成石柱铁梁。四根石柱顶端为四大天将，中间平梁上是火焰宝珠，以象征此门由天将守卫而成为参天立地的天门。
棂星，即天田星，最早见于史料的有汉高祖命祀灵星，凡祭天先祭灵星，古人认为灵星“主得士之庆”，专门管官的星。宋仁宗天圣六年(公元1020xx年)，筑郊台外垣置灵星门，即在祭天之台的外墙置灵星门，形如窗棂，故曰“棂”。孔庙设棂星门，意为祀孔如祀天，此见于宋《景定建康志》、《金陵新志》所记。另外，孔庙有碑记：置棂星门“取其疏通之意，以纳天下士”，无论任何地方，只要设有棂星门，那么它的门扇必须是由棂子结构而成，因此有疏通之意，孔庙取此意，以招引天下的文人学士都来学于此。
棂星门外东西两侧，各有一幢下马碑，上刻“官员人等至此下马”，在封建社会，所有来曲阜祭孔的官员，无论职位高低，来到孔庙前见到此碑，须文官下轿，武官下马，以示对孔子的尊崇之意。此碑始立于金明昌二年(公元1191年)，现仅存东面一幢。
太和元气坊
太和元气坊建于明代嘉靖二十三年(公元1544年)，全为石质结构。“太和元气”四字为当时山东巡抚曾铣手书。
“太和”指天地、日月、阴阳会合之气，“元气”原意为构成世界的原始物质，之后，一些唯物主义者将“金、木、水、火、土”这五行称为“原气”，世界上万事、万物都是由五行构成。在那里，“元气”为天地、日月、阴阳会合之气，是生长万物的根本。“太和元气”也就是说孔子思想体现了整个人类思想最精华、最高贵的一面，如同天地生育万物一般，能使人类思想到达一种至高无上的境地。
太和元气坊后为“至圣庙”坊，原名为“宣圣庙”坊，始建年代未查到记载，明弘治十六年(公元1520xx年)的庙图上已有“宣圣庙”坊。清雍正七年(公元1720xx年)改“宣圣庙”为“至圣庙”。此坊为汉白玉石质。“至”即至高无上的意思。
太和元气坊位处孔庙第一进院落。此院东西各有一座木坊，东为“德侔天地”，西为“道冠古今”。此二坊建于明代永乐十三年(公元1420xx年)，清雍正七年(公元1720xx年)重修，三间四柱，上方是牌楼，六重四拱，坊下各饰有八只石雕怪兽，中间四只为“天禄”，两旁四只为“辟邪”，异常古拙。
“德侔天地、道冠古今”意思是说孔子对人类做出的贡献如天地一样大，孔子思想是空前绝后，无论古今还是将来，都是至高无上的。
圣时门
圣时门原为孔庙正门，建于明代永乐十三年(公元1420xx年)，弘治十二年(公元1499年)扩建，清雍正八年(公元1730年)清世宗赐名为“圣时门”。此门建于高台之上，前后御道上各有浮雕云龙戏珠石陛，系明代雕刻。“圣时门”三字为清高宗乾隆手书。
“圣时”二字出自《孟子·万章下》，孟子将中国古代的四位圣人做了比较后指出：“伯夷，圣之清者也;伊尹，圣之任者也;柳下惠，圣之和者也;孔子，圣之时者也”。认为伯夷反对武王灭纣，不食周粟而死，为圣之清者;伊尹，帮忙汤灭夏桀，汤死后辅佐外丙，仲壬死后立汤孙太甲即位，因太甲破坏汤法，被伊尹放逐，三年后太甲悔过，又被伊尹接回复位，孟子称伊尹为圣之任者;柳下惠是春秋时期鲁国大夫，他曾三次被贬黜而仍留任，人问他为什么不离开，他回答说：“直道而事人，焉往而不三黜?枉道而事人，何必去父母之邦?”之后，齐攻鲁，他派人到齐劝说退兵，没用一兵一卒，就退了齐军，所以孟子说他是圣之和者。透过比较，孟子认为孔子是圣之时者，终始而一的圣人，是最适合时代的圣人，无论任何一个时期，任何一个朝代，孔子思想都应成为正统思想。
璧水桥
进来圣时门，豁然洞开，很大的方形庭院内，古木参天，芳草如茵，东西对称各有一腰门，对面三架拱桥掩跨璧水，半掩着弘道大门，加之石制盆景上缀，使人心旷神怡，无不动情，顿觉进入了“神”的境界。崇圣者仰之弥高，观览者先睹为快。与此情此景相连接，东边腰门曰“快睹”，西边腰门曰“仰高”。“快睹”寓先睹为快之意，“仰高”则出自《论语·子罕》。“仰之弥高，钻之弥坚”意说孔子之道高深不可测，抬头向上看，越看越高，学习孔子的思想学说，一旦入进门来，才感到里面的东西学无止境。此二门建于明代弘治十二年(公元1499年)。过去只有皇帝祭祀才可走正门，一般人只能从仰高门进庙。
前面一水横穿，三桥纵跨，环水有雕刻石栏，因水“壅绕如璧”取名“璧水”。北京天安门前有金水，那里设“璧水”意为孔子庙宇与皇宫等同，三桥因而得名璧水桥。始建于明代永乐十三年(公元1420xx年)，明弘治十二年(公元1499年)增添石栏，河身砌有河底，原河上为小墙，清康熙十六年(公元1677年)将小墙改为石栏杆。
弘道门
弘道门始建于明代洪武十年(公元1377年)，原门三间，当时是孔庙的正门。明弘治年间重修孔庙时，改建为五间。清代雍正八年(公元1730年)，雍正皇帝钦定为“弘道门”，后由乾隆皇帝题写“弘道”二字竖匾立于门额。
弘道门下现有石碑两幢，东碑是元代刻成的“曲阜县历代沿革志”，记载了曲阜在元代以前的历史沿革概况，具有较高的史料价值。西碑是元代“处士王先生墓志铭”，颇有书法价值。二碑原立于曲阜城东旧县村，1964年移入孔庙。
大中门
大中门是宋代孔庙的正门，始建于宋代，明弘治十二年(公元1499年)重修。“大中门”三字匾额系清高宗乾隆手书。
大中门两侧各有绿瓦拐角楼一座，各三间，平面作曲尺形，建在方形高台之上，这两个角楼与孔庙后面东西两角楼构成的矩形轮廓，即是元代孔庙的轮廓。孔庙内的主要建筑物都在此轮廓之内。角楼建于元至顺二年(公元1331年)。孔庙设角楼是仿照宫庭皇城角楼之制而建成的，意使孔庙像皇宫一样威严。
同文门
同文门始建于宋代，原为三间，明代成化年间扩为五间。清康熙年间名曰“参同门”，清雍正七年(公元1720xx年)改为同文门。此门是一独门，左右无墙。以前中国传统的宫殿式建筑，在主体建筑之前常有小型建筑作为屏障，以表示庄严，同文门就担当着奎文阁的屏障作用。“同文门”三字为清高宗乾隆手书。
奎文阁
奎文阁原名藏书楼，始建于宋代，重檐五间，金明昌六年(公元1195年)改为三檐，赐名“奎文阁”。明弘治十七年(公元1520xx年)改为七间，清高宗乾隆皇帝题写阁匾。
奎文阁东西阔30。1米，南北深17。62米，高23。35米，三重飞檐，四层斗拱，檐下八根八棱石柱，内部结构为层叠式木架，阁两层，中间夹暗层，原上屋藏御赐经书，暗层藏印板，下层藏御香帛。
“奎”，星名。二十八宿之一。传说为西方白虎之首，共有16颗星，“屈曲相钩，似文字之画”，《孝经》上讲“奎主文章”，后人进一步将奎星说成是“文官之首”。所以，金章宗为赞颂孔子是天下文官主，将原藏书楼命名为“奎文阁”。
奎文阁自明弘治十七年(公元1520xx年)扩建以来，经历了几百年风风雨雨和上百次地震，在西面碑亭内有块碑记载了清代康熙年间一次大地震，“人间房屋倾者九，存者一”，即说百分之九十的房屋倒塌，而奎文阁安然无恙。到本世纪八十年代初，奎文阁因历年久远，加之多年失修，有些木质糟朽，阁上方扭斜，于是由国家文物局主持，组织古建筑专家联合拟出修复方案，拨款120余万元，比原定工期提前一年将奎文阁重新整修。整修完的奎文阁，完全持续了原有的规格和风貌。
奎文阁廊下东、西各有一幢石碑，东为《奎文阁赋》，由明代著名诗人李东阳撰文，著名书法家乔宗书写。西为《奎文阁重置书籍记》，记载了明正德六年(公元1520xx年)刘六、刘七率农民起义军攻占曲阜、占领孔庙，“秣马于庭，污书于池”，将奎文阁藏书“焚毁殆尽”以后，皇帝“又命礼部颁御书以赐”的状况。清代奎文阁中的藏书又有增添，清晚期将藏书移入孔府保存。
奎文阁内现为孔子圣迹图陈列。孔子圣迹图现存三套，一是明代圣迹图绘画，二是明代雕刻圣迹图木板，三是明万历年间的圣迹图石刻。那里陈列的系明木板圣迹图印本。圣迹图全套120幅，描绘了孔子一生主要活动。
